Department of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto University (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14096-900, Brazil.
Department of Physiology and Pathology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, SP 14801-903, Araraquara, Brazil.
Biointerphases. 2022 May 26;17(3):031004. doi: 10.1116/6.0001670.
This investigation is aimed to determine the effect of the modification of titanium surface with NaOH on the metabolism of osteoblasts treated with zoledronic acid (ZA). Machined and NaOH-treated titanium disks were used. Surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Human osteoblasts were seeded onto the disks. After 24 h, cells were treated with ZA at 5 μM for 7 days. At this point, cell viability, collagen synthesis, total protein production, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral nodule deposition were assessed. The results of surface roughness were descriptively and statistically analyzed (t-Student), while the XPS results were qualitatively described. Cell metabolism data were analyzed by the analysis of variance two-way and Tukey tests at a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated that NaOH-treatment increased surface roughness (p < .05) and confirmed the presence of sodium titanate and a pH switch on the NaOH-treated disks. This modification also resulted in higher cell viability, collagen synthesis, total protein production, and alkaline phosphatase by osteoblasts when compared to cells seeded onto machined disks (p < 0.05). In the presence of ZA, all cellular metabolism and differentiation parameters were significantly reduced for cells seeded on both surfaces (p < 0.05); however, the cells seeded onto modified surfaces showed higher values for these parameters, except for mineral nodule deposition (p < 0.05). NaOH modification improved cell adhesion and metabolism of osteogenic cells even in the presence of ZA. The surface modification of titanium with NaOH solution may be an interesting strategy to improve metabolism and differentiation of osteoblasts and accelerate osseointegration process, mainly for tissues exposed to ZA.
本研究旨在探究经氢氧化钠（NaOH）处理修饰后的钛表面对唑来膦酸（ZA）处理的成骨细胞代谢的影响。使用机械加工和 NaOH 处理的钛盘。通过扫描电子显微镜、共聚焦显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析对表面进行了表征。将人成骨细胞接种在圆盘上。24 h 后，用 5 μM 的 ZA 处理细胞 7 天。此时，评估细胞活力、胶原蛋白合成、总蛋白产生、碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化结节沉积。表面粗糙度结果进行了描述性和统计学分析（t 检验），而 XPS 结果则进行了定性描述。细胞代谢数据采用方差分析双因素和 Tukey 检验进行分析，显著性水平为 5%。结果表明，NaOH 处理增加了表面粗糙度（p <.05），并证实了 NaOH 处理盘上存在钛酸钠和 pH 转换。这种修饰还导致成骨细胞的细胞活力、胶原蛋白合成、总蛋白产生和碱性磷酸酶活性均高于接种在机械加工盘上的细胞（p <.05）。在 ZA 存在的情况下，两种表面接种的细胞的所有细胞代谢和分化参数均显著降低（p <.05）；然而，与接种在改性表面上的细胞相比，这些参数的值更高，除了矿化结节沉积（p <.05）。即使在 ZA 存在的情况下，NaOH 修饰也能改善成骨细胞的细胞黏附和代谢。NaOH 溶液对钛表面的修饰可能是一种提高成骨细胞代谢和分化、加速骨整合过程的有趣策略，特别是对于暴露于 ZA 的组织。
