Niehoff Nicole M, Goldberg Mandy, White Alexandra J
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2022 Jun;9:49-65. doi: 10.1007/s40471-022-00289-6. Epub 2022 Apr 5.
Environmental exposures during early stages of life may be particularly relevant for cancer etiology because of the rapid hormonal and tissue changes that occur during puberty and, in women, through first birth. We review evidence from the past five years on environmental exposures during childhood/adolescence through first birth and the risk of breast and other cancers during adulthood.
The studies of breast cancer (n=14) reported associations for childhood/adolescent environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), smoking initiation, pesticides, hair dye use, and living on a road with high traffic. Smoking before first childbirth was also associated with increased breast cancer risk. We identified 12 studies on other cancers, with only 1-2 studies per cancer type, with most focused on ETS or active smoking.
Despite studies suggesting an important role of exposure to environmental factors during early life and cancer risk in adulthood, few studies have been conducted. Future studies could utilize stored biologic samples from relevant periods or complete residential histories for geographically-based exposures.
由于青春期以及女性首次生育期间发生的快速激素和组织变化，生命早期阶段的环境暴露可能与癌症病因特别相关。我们回顾过去五年中关于儿童期/青少年期至首次生育期间的环境暴露以及成年后患乳腺癌和其他癌症风险的证据。
关于乳腺癌的研究（n = 14）报告了儿童期/青少年期环境烟草烟雾（ETS）、开始吸烟、接触杀虫剂、使用染发剂以及居住在交通繁忙道路附近与乳腺癌之间的关联。首次生育前吸烟也与乳腺癌风险增加有关。我们确定了12项关于其他癌症的研究，每种癌症类型只有1 - 2项研究，大多数研究集中在ETS或主动吸烟方面。
尽管有研究表明生命早期暴露于环境因素与成年后患癌风险之间存在重要关联，但相关研究较少。未来的研究可以利用相关时期储存的生物样本或完整的居住史来确定基于地理位置的暴露情况。
