Wanjari Vikram P, Reddy A Sudharshan, Duttagupta Siddhartha P, Singh Swatantra P
Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(15):42643-42657. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21035-x. Epub 2022 May 27.
Biosensors are miniaturized devices that provide the advantage of in situ and point-of-care monitoring of analytes of interest. Electrochemical biosensors use the mechanism of oxidation-reduction reactions and measurement of corresponding electron transfer as changes in current, voltage, or other parameters using different electrochemical techniques. The use of electrochemically active materials is critical for the effective functioning of electrochemical biosensors. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has garnered increasing interest in biosensor development and improvement due to its high electrical conductivity, specific surface area, and simple and scalable fabrication process. The effort of this perspective is to understand the existing classes of analytes and the mechanisms of their detection using LIG-based biosensors. The manuscript has highlighted the potential use of LIG, its modifications, and its use with various receptors for sensing various environmental pollutants. Although the conventional graphene-based sensors effectively detect trace levels for many analytes in different applications, the chemical and energy-intensive fabrication and time-consuming processes make it imperative to explore a low-cost and scalable option such as LIG for biosensors production. The focus of these potential biosensors has been kept on detection analytes of environmental significance such as heavy metals ions, organic and inorganic compounds, fertilizers, pesticides, pathogens, and antibiotics. The use of LIG directly as an electrode, its modifications with nanomaterials and polymers, and its combination with bioreceptors such as aptamers and polymers has been summarized. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis has also been done to understand the viability of incorporating LIG-based electrochemical biosensors for environmental applications.
生物传感器是一种小型化设备，具有对感兴趣的分析物进行原位和即时监测的优势。电化学生物传感器利用氧化还原反应机制，并通过不同的电化学技术，将相应的电子转移测量为电流、电压或其他参数的变化。使用具有电化学活性的材料对于电化学生物传感器的有效运行至关重要。激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）因其高电导率、比表面积以及简单且可扩展的制造工艺，在生物传感器的开发和改进中受到越来越多的关注。这篇综述的目的是了解现有分析物类别以及使用基于LIG的生物传感器进行检测的机制。该手稿强调了LIG的潜在用途、其修饰以及与各种受体结合用于检测各种环境污染物的情况。尽管传统的基于石墨烯的传感器在不同应用中能有效检测许多分析物的痕量水平，但化学法和能源密集型制造以及耗时的过程使得探索一种低成本且可扩展的选择（如用于生物传感器生产的LIG）变得势在必行。这些潜在生物传感器的重点一直放在检测具有环境意义的分析物上，如重金属离子、有机和无机化合物、肥料、农药、病原体及抗生素。本文总结了LIG直接用作电极、用纳米材料和聚合物对其进行修饰以及与适体和聚合物等生物受体结合的情况。还进行了优势、劣势、机会和威胁分析，以了解将基于LIG的电化学生物传感器用于环境应用的可行性。
