Nwoko Onyekachi Esther, Kalinda Chester, Chimbari Moses John
Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Bill and Joyce Cummings Institute of Global Health, University of Global Health Equity (UGHE), P.O. Box 6955, Kigali 20093, Rwanda.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022 May 13;7(5):72. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7050072.
Efforts to interrupt and eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem have increased in several Southern African countries. A systematic review was carried out on the infection rates of snails that cause schistosomiasis in humans. The searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, using the PRISMA guidelines from inception to 24 February 2022. The study quality was assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute prevalence critical appraisal checklist. Pooled infection rates were estimated by using an inverse variance heterogeneity model, while heterogeneity was determined by using Cochran's Q test and Higgins i statistics. A total of 572 articles were screened, but only 28 studies were eligible for inclusion based on predetermined criteria. In the selected studies, 82,471 spp. and 16,784 spp. snails were screened for cercariae. The pooled infectivity of schistosome intermediate host snails, spp., and spp. were 1%, 2%, and 1%, respectively. Snail infection rates were higher in the 1900s compared to the 2000s. A Luis Furuya-Kanamori index of 3.16 indicated publication bias, and a high level of heterogeneity was observed. Although snail infectivity in Southern Africa is relatively low, it falls within the interval of common snail infection rates, thus indicating the need for suitable snail control programs that could interrupt transmission and achieve elimination.
在南部非洲的几个国家，将血吸虫病作为一个公共卫生问题加以阻断和消除的努力有所增加。对导致人类血吸虫病的蜗牛感染率进行了系统综述。检索在PubMed、科学网和Scopus数据库中进行，采用PRISMA指南，检索时间从开始到2022年2月24日。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所患病率关键评估清单对研究质量进行评估。采用逆方差异质性模型估计合并感染率，同时使用 Cochr an Q检验和Higgins I统计量确定异质性。共筛选了572篇文章，但根据预定标准，只有28项研究符合纳入条件。在选定的研究中，对82471只某种蜗牛和16784只另一种蜗牛进行了尾蚴筛查。血吸虫中间宿主蜗牛（某种和另一种）的合并感染率分别为1%、2%和1%。与21世纪相比，20世纪蜗牛的感染率更高。Luis Furuya-Kanamori指数为3.16表明存在发表偏倚，并且观察到高度异质性。尽管南部非洲蜗牛的感染性相对较低，但仍处于常见蜗牛感染率区间内，因此表明需要制定合适的蜗牛控制计划，以阻断传播并实现消除。
