Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
Hum Factors. 2024 Feb;66(2):574-588. doi: 10.1177/00187208221103922. Epub 2022 May 27.
The present study compared the performance, workload, and stress associated with driver vigilance in two types of vehicle: a traditional, manually operated vehicle, and a partially automated vehicle.
Drivers of partially automated vehicles must monitor for hazards that constitute automation failures and the need for human intervention, but recent research indicates that a driver's ability to do so declines as a function of time. That research lacked a comparison measure of driving without vehicle automation, so it is unknown to what degree these effects are specific symptoms of monitoring the roadway during an automated drive. Drivers in manual control of their vehicle must similarly monitor for hazards and may suffer similar vigilance decrements.
Participants completed a simulated 40-minute drive while monitoring for hazards. Half of participants completed the drive with an automated driving system that maintained speed and lane position; the remaining half manually controlled the vehicle's speed and lane position.
Driver sensitivity to hazards decreased and tendency to make false alarms increased over time in the automated control condition, but not in the manual control condition. Drivers in both conditions detected fewer hazards as the drive progressed. Ratings of workload and task-induced stress were elevated similarly in both conditions.
Partially automated driving appears to uniquely impair driver vigilance by reducing the ability to discriminate between benign and dangerous events in the driving environment as the drive progresses.
Applied interventions should target improvements in driver sensitivity to hazardous situations that signal potential automation failures.
本研究比较了两种类型车辆中驾驶员警觉性的表现、工作量和相关压力：一种是传统的手动操作车辆，另一种是部分自动化车辆。
部分自动化车辆的驾驶员必须监控可能导致自动化故障和需要人工干预的危险，但最近的研究表明，驾驶员执行此操作的能力会随时间下降。该研究缺乏无车辆自动化驾驶的比较测量手段，因此尚不清楚这些影响在多大程度上是在自动驾驶期间监控道路的特定症状。手动控制车辆的驾驶员也必须同样监控危险情况，并且可能会遭受类似的警觉性下降。
参与者在模拟的 40 分钟驾驶中监控危险。一半的参与者在具有自动驾驶系统的情况下完成驾驶，该系统保持速度和车道位置；其余参与者手动控制车辆的速度和车道位置。
在自动化控制条件下，驾驶员对危险的敏感性随时间推移而降低，错误警报的倾向增加，但在手动控制条件下则没有。在两种条件下，驾驶员在驾驶过程中检测到的危险都减少了。工作负荷和任务引起的压力的评级在两种情况下都相似地升高。
部分自动化驾驶似乎通过降低在驾驶环境中区分良性和危险事件的能力，从而独特地损害了驾驶员的警觉性。
应用干预措施应针对提高驾驶员对危险情况的敏感性，这些情况可能表明潜在的自动化故障。
