Shin Chae Young, Lee Mun-Hoe, Kim Hyeong-Min, Chung Hee-Chul, Kim Do-Un, Lee Jin-Hee, Jeong Kwang Won
Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
Health Food Research and Development, NEWTREE Co., Ltd., Seoul 05604, Korea.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Apr 25;11(5):832. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050832.
Although blackcurrant has several health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on the retina remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of black currant extract (BCE) in an in vitro and in vivo model of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) induced by blue light. Dry macular degeneration is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of lipofuscin (e.g., N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine, A2E) in the retina. Blue light (BL) significantly decreased the viability of A2E-laden human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). However, BCE treatment protected ARPE-19 cells from A2E and BL. A2E, which is oxidized by blue light, generates reactive oxygen species in RPE cells. Treatment with BCE significantly decreased (80.8%) reactive oxygen species levels induced by A2E and BL in a concentration-dependent manner. BCE inhibited A2E accumulation in ARPE-19 cells and significantly downregulated the expression of genes increased by A2E and BL in ARPE-19 cells. In vivo, oral administration of BCE (25-100 mg/kg) ameliorated ocular lesions of BL-induced retinal damage in a mouse model and rescued the thickness of the whole retina, photoreceptor segment layer, outer nuclear layer, and inner nuclear layer. The decrease in the number of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer induced by BL was also rescued by BCE. Additionally, BCE administration rescued (40.0%) the BL-induced reduction in the expression level of superoxide dismutase 1. Taken together, our results suggest that BCE may have preventive and therapeutic effects on dry AMD through its antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipofuscin accumulation in the retina.
尽管黑加仑有多种健康益处，如抗氧化和抗炎特性，但其对视网膜的影响仍不明确。在本研究中，我们在蓝光诱导的干性年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的体外和体内模型中研究了黑加仑提取物（BCE）的功效。干性黄斑变性的特征是视网膜中脂褐素（如N-视黄叉-N-视黄基乙醇胺、A2E）异常积累。蓝光（BL）显著降低了负载A2E的人视网膜色素上皮细胞（ARPE-19）的活力。然而，BCE处理可保护ARPE-19细胞免受A2E和BL的损伤。被蓝光氧化的A2E在视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞中产生活性氧。BCE处理以浓度依赖的方式显著降低了由A2E和BL诱导的活性氧水平（80.8%）。BCE抑制了ARPE-19细胞中A2E的积累，并显著下调了ARPE-19细胞中由A2E和BL上调的基因表达。在体内，口服BCE（25 - 100 mg/kg）改善了小鼠模型中BL诱导的视网膜损伤的眼部病变，并挽救了整个视网膜、光感受器节段层、外核层和内核层的厚度。BL诱导的外核层细胞核数量减少也被BCE挽救。此外，BCE给药挽救了（40.0%）BL诱导的超氧化物歧化酶1表达水平的降低。综上所述，我们的结果表明，BCE可能通过其抗氧化活性和抑制视网膜中脂褐素积累对干性AMD具有预防和治疗作用。
