Ye Ruihua, Huang Jiaqiang, Wang Zixu, Chen Yaoxing, Dong Yulan
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May 15;11(5):973. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050973.
Selenium (Se) is one of the essential trace elements that plays a biological role in the body, mainly in the form of selenoproteins. Selenoproteins can be involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, antioxidant defense, immune and inflammatory responses and other biological processes, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, the regulation of immune response and other functions. Over-loading or lack of Se causes certain damage to the body. Se deficiency can reduce the expression and activity of selenoproteins, disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and affect the body in antioxidant, immunity, toxin antagonism, signaling pathways and other aspects, thus causing different degrees of damage to the body. Se intake is mainly in the form of dietary supplements. Due to the important role of Se, people pay increasingly more attention to Se-enriched foods, which also lays a foundation for better research on the mechanism of selenoproteins in the future. In this paper, the synthesis and mechanism of selenoproteins, as well as the role and mechanism of selenoproteins in the regulation of diseases, are reviewed. Meanwhile, the future development of Se-enriched products is prospected, which is of great significance to further understand the role of Se.
硒（Se）是人体必需的微量元素之一，在体内主要以硒蛋白的形式发挥生物学作用。硒蛋白可参与氧化应激、内质网（ER）应激、抗氧化防御、免疫和炎症反应等生物过程的调节，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡、调节免疫反应等功能。硒摄入过量或缺乏都会对机体造成一定损害。硒缺乏会降低硒蛋白的表达和活性，破坏细胞正常生理功能，在抗氧化、免疫、毒素拮抗、信号通路等方面影响机体，进而对机体造成不同程度的损害。硒的摄入主要以膳食补充剂的形式进行。由于硒的重要作用，人们对富硒食品越来越关注，这也为今后更好地研究硒蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。本文综述了硒蛋白的合成及作用机制，以及硒蛋白在疾病调控中的作用和机制。同时，对富硒产品的未来发展进行了展望，这对进一步了解硒的作用具有重要意义。
