McCann D J, Rabin R A, Winter J C
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1987 Jan;26(1):23-8. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(87)90527-2.
Rats were trained to obtain food pellets in an 8-arm radial maze until a criterion of 89% efficiency, i.e., all arms entered within 9 arm entries, was reached in 5 consecutive sessions. Decreases in efficiency caused by phencyclidine (PCP; 4 to 9 mg/kg, IP, 15 min before testing) or ketamine (25 mg/kg, IP, 5 min) were attenuated when subjects were pretreated with clonidine (0.05 mg/kg, IP, 30 min). However, significant improvements in performance in the maze were not observed when clonidine (0.05 to 0.4 mg/kg, IP) was administered 15 min after PCP (9 mg/kg, IP, 45 min). Subsequent studies of righting reflex demonstrated an increased frequency and duration of anesthesia when clonidine (0.05 mg/kg, IP) was administered 15 minutes before PCP (12.5 to 50 mg/, IP) or ketamine (50 to 100 mg/kg, IP). When clonidine (0.05 mg/kg, IP) was administered 15 minutes before [3H]PCP (40 microCi/kg, IP), brain levels of tritium were reduced by 42 to 55%. The present findings do not support the suggestion that clonidine may be useful in the treatment of PCP intoxication. The data does indicate that pretreatment of surgical patients with clonidine may reduce the dose of ketamine required for anesthesia.
将大鼠置于八臂辐射状迷宫中训练以获取食物颗粒，直至连续5次达到89%的效率标准，即在9次进入臂内进入所有臂。当用可乐定（0.05mg/kg，腹腔注射，30分钟）预处理受试动物时，苯环己哌啶（PCP；4至9mg/kg，腹腔注射，测试前15分钟）或氯胺酮（25mg/kg，腹腔注射，5分钟）引起的效率降低得到减弱。然而，当在PCP（9mg/kg，腹腔注射，45分钟）后15分钟给予可乐定（0.05至0.4mg/kg，腹腔注射）时，未观察到迷宫中行为表现的显著改善。随后关于翻正反射的研究表明，当在PCP（12.5至50mg/kg，腹腔注射）或氯胺酮（50至100mg/kg，腹腔注射）前15分钟给予可乐定（0.05mg/kg，腹腔注射）时，麻醉的频率和持续时间增加。当在[3H]PCP（40μCi/kg，腹腔注射）前15分钟给予可乐定（0.05mg/kg，腹腔注射）时，脑中的氚水平降低了42%至55%。目前的研究结果不支持可乐定可能有助于治疗PCP中毒的观点。数据确实表明，对手术患者用可乐定进行预处理可能会降低麻醉所需的氯胺酮剂量。
