Williams L R, Leggett R W
Phys Med Biol. 1987 Feb;32(2):173-90. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/32/2/002.
A review of recent literature and a re-analysis of data used in Publication 23 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) have revealed several problems regarding the distribution of the predominantly intracellular alkali metals potassium, rubidium and caesium in ICRP Reference Man. In this paper we re-evaluate the distribution of the intracellular alkali metals in humans and we offer an approach for selecting reference concentrations for the organs of a typical adult human. For non-skeletal tissues, reference values for K, Rb and Cs are determined as a trimmed weighted mean of reported values remaining after studies involving apparently questionable populations or measurement techniques have been eliminated. The skeleton is treated as a special case, with explicit consideration being given to the heterogeneous distribution of these elements among different regions and different types of skeletal tissue. The most significant suggested changes for the intracellular alkali metals are for Rb in the skeleton and total body. ICRP Reference Man has a total Rb content of 0.68 g, compared with our estimate of only 0.25 g, and a skeletal Rb content of 0.21 g, compared with our estimate of only 0.013 g. This has important dosimetric implications for radiorubidium, because the retention model for Rb given in ICRP Publication 30 assigns a large portion of an intake to the skeleton on the basis of the large skeletal Rb content assigned to Reference Man in ICRP Publication 23.
对近期文献的回顾以及对国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）第23号出版物中所使用数据的重新分析，揭示了ICRP参考人模型中主要存在于细胞内的碱金属钾、铷和铯的分布方面的若干问题。在本文中，我们重新评估了人体细胞内碱金属的分布情况，并提供了一种为典型成年人体各器官选择参考浓度的方法。对于非骨骼组织，钾、铷和铯的参考值是在剔除涉及明显可疑人群或测量技术的研究后，对所报告值进行截尾加权平均后确定的。骨骼被视为一种特殊情况，明确考虑了这些元素在不同区域和不同类型骨骼组织中的非均匀分布。对于细胞内碱金属，最显著的建议变化在于骨骼和全身中的铷。ICRP参考人模型中铷的总含量为0.68克，而我们的估计仅为0.25克；骨骼中的铷含量为0.21克，而我们的估计仅为0.013克。这对放射性铷的剂量学有重要影响，因为ICRP第30号出版物中给出的铷的滞留模型，基于ICRP第23号出版物中赋予参考人的大量骨骼铷含量，将很大一部分摄入量分配到了骨骼中。
