Jach Monika Elżbieta, Sajnaga Ewa, Ziaja Maria
Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2022 Apr 27;11(5):676. doi: 10.3390/biology11050676.
With the increasing industrial activity of the growing human population, the accumulation of various contaminants in soil, including heavy metals, has increased rapidly. Heavy metals as non-biodegradable elements persist in the soil environment and may pollute crop plants, further accumulating in the human body causing serious conditions. Hence, phytoremediation of land contamination as an environmental restoration technology is desirable for both human health and broad-sense ecology. Legumes (), which play a special role in nitrogen cycling, are dominant plants in contaminated areas. Therefore, the use of legumes and associated nitrogen-fixing rhizobia to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the soil is environmentally friendly and becomes a promising strategy for phytoremediation and phytostabilization. Rhizobia, which have such plant growth-promoting (PGP) features as phosphorus solubilization, phytohormone synthesis, siderophore release, production of beneficial compounds for plants, and most of all nitrogen fixation, may promote legume growth while diminishing metal toxicity. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive description of the main effects of metal contaminants in nitrogen-fixing leguminous plants and the benefits of using the legume-rhizobium symbiosis with both wild-type and genetically modified plants and bacteria to enhance an efficient recovery of contaminated lands.
随着不断增长的人口的工业活动日益增加，土壤中各种污染物（包括重金属）的积累迅速上升。重金属作为不可生物降解的元素，在土壤环境中持续存在，并可能污染农作物，进而在人体中进一步积累，引发严重疾病。因此，作为一种环境修复技术，对受污染土地进行植物修复对于人类健康和广义生态学而言都是理想之选。在氮循环中发挥特殊作用的豆科植物是受污染地区的优势植物。因此，利用豆科植物及相关固氮根瘤菌来降低土壤中污染物的浓度或毒性作用，既环保，又成为植物修复和植物稳定化的一种有前景的策略。根瘤菌具有诸如溶解磷、合成植物激素、释放铁载体、产生对植物有益的化合物以及最重要的固氮等促进植物生长（PGP）的特性，在促进豆科植物生长的同时还可降低金属毒性。本综述的目的是全面描述金属污染物对固氮豆科植物的主要影响，以及利用野生型和转基因植物及细菌的豆科植物 - 根瘤菌共生关系来提高受污染土地的有效修复的益处。
