Sammallahti Heidelinde, Sarhadi Virinder Kaur, Kokkola Arto, Ghanbari Reza, Rezasoltani Sama, Asadzadeh Aghdaei Hamid, Puolakkainen Pauli, Knuutila Sakari
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Surgery, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
Biomolecules. 2022 Apr 29;12(5):652. doi: 10.3390/biom12050652.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. To improve patient survival, the development of screening methods for early diagnosis is pivotal. Oncogenomic alterations present in tumor tissue are a suitable target for non-invasive screening efforts, as they can be detected in tumor-derived cells, cell-free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles, which are present in several body fluids. Since stool is an easily accessible source, which enables convenient and cost-effective sampling, it could be utilized for the screening of these traces. Herein, we explore the various oncogenomic changes that have been detected in PC tissue, such as chromosomal aberrations, mutations in driver genes, epigenetic alterations, and differentially expressed non-coding RNA. In addition, we briefly look into the role of altered gut microbiota in PC and their possible associations with oncogenomic changes. We also review the findings of genomic alterations in stool of PC patients, and the potentials and challenges of their future use for the development of stool screening tools, including the possible combination of genomic and microbiota markers.
胰腺癌（PC）是一种侵袭性恶性肿瘤，预后很差。为了提高患者生存率，开发早期诊断的筛查方法至关重要。肿瘤组织中存在的肿瘤基因组改变是非侵入性筛查的合适靶点，因为它们可以在肿瘤衍生细胞、游离核酸和细胞外囊泡中检测到，而这些物质存在于多种体液中。由于粪便易于获取，能够方便且经济高效地进行采样，因此可用于筛查这些痕迹。在此，我们探讨了在PC组织中检测到的各种肿瘤基因组变化，如染色体畸变、驱动基因突变、表观遗传改变和差异表达的非编码RNA。此外，我们简要研究了肠道微生物群改变在PC中的作用及其与肿瘤基因组变化的可能关联。我们还回顾了PC患者粪便中基因组改变的研究结果，以及将其用于开发粪便筛查工具的潜力和挑战，包括基因组和微生物群标志物的可能组合。
