Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China.
Department of General Surgery, Qilu hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
Int J Cancer. 2017 Jul 15;141(2):231-241. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30670. Epub 2017 Mar 19.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. Recent studies indicate that patients with incidentally diagnosed PC have better prognosis than those with symptoms and that there is a sufficient window for early detection. However, effective early diagnosis remains difficult and depends mainly on imaging modalities and the development of screening methodologies with highly sensitive and specific biomarkers. This review summarizes recent advances in effective screening for early diagnosis of PC using imaging modalities and novel molecular biomarkers discovered from various "omics" studies including genomics, epigenomics, non-coding RNA, metabonomics, liquid biopsy (CTC, ctDNA and exosomes) and microbiomes, and their use in body fluids (feces, urine and saliva). Although many biomarkers for early detection of PC have been discovered through various methods, larger scale and rigorous validation is required before their application in the clinic. In addition, more effective and specific biomarkers of PC are urgently needed.
胰腺癌（PC）是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一。最近的研究表明，偶发性诊断出的 PC 患者比有症状的患者预后更好，并且有足够的早期检测窗口。然而，有效的早期诊断仍然很困难，主要依赖于成像方式和具有高灵敏度和特异性生物标志物的筛查方法的发展。本综述总结了最近在使用成像方式和从包括基因组学、表观基因组学、非编码 RNA、代谢组学、液体活检（CTC、ctDNA 和外泌体）和微生物组学在内的各种“组学”研究中发现的新型分子生物标志物对 PC 进行有效筛查以进行早期诊断方面的进展，及其在体液（粪便、尿液和唾液）中的应用。尽管通过各种方法已经发现了许多用于早期检测 PC 的生物标志物，但在将它们应用于临床之前，还需要进行更大规模和更严格的验证。此外，迫切需要更有效和更特异的 PC 生物标志物。
