Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Cells. 2022 May 13;11(10):1632. doi: 10.3390/cells11101632.
How progesterone influences ovarian follicle growth is a difficult question to answer because ovarian cells synthesize progesterone and express not only the classic nuclear progesterone receptor but also members of the progestin and adipoQ receptor family and the progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) family. Which type of progestin receptor is expressed depends on the ovarian cell type as well as the stage of the estrous/menstrual cycle. Given the complex nature of the mammalian ovary, this review will focus on progesterone signaling that is transduced by PGRMC1 and PGRMC2 specifically as it relates to ovarian follicle growth. PGRMC1 was identified as a progesterone binding protein cloned from porcine liver in 1996 and detected in the mammalian ovary in 2005. Subsequent studies focused on PGRMC family members as regulators of granulosa cell proliferation and survival, two physiological processes required for follicle development. This review will present evidence that demonstrates a causal relationship between PGRMC family members and the promotion of ovarian follicle growth. The mechanisms through which PGRMC-dependent signaling regulates granulosa cell proliferation and viability will also be discussed in order to provide a more complete understanding of our current concept of how progesterone regulates ovarian follicle growth.
孕激素如何影响卵泡生长是一个难以回答的问题，因为卵巢细胞合成孕激素，并表达不仅经典的核孕激素受体，而且孕激素和脂联素受体家族成员和孕激素受体膜成分（PGRMC）家族成员。哪种孕激素受体表达取决于卵巢细胞类型以及动情/月经周期的阶段。鉴于哺乳动物卵巢的复杂性，本综述将重点介绍 PGRMC1 和 PGRMC2 转导的孕激素信号，特别是与卵泡生长有关的信号。PGRMC1 于 1996 年从猪肝脏中克隆出来，被鉴定为孕激素结合蛋白，并于 2005 年在哺乳动物卵巢中检测到。随后的研究集中在 PGRMC 家族成员作为颗粒细胞增殖和存活的调节剂上，这是卵泡发育所必需的两个生理过程。本综述将提供证据表明，PGRMC 家族成员与促进卵巢卵泡生长之间存在因果关系。还将讨论 PGRMC 依赖性信号调节颗粒细胞增殖和活力的机制，以便更全面地了解我们目前关于孕激素如何调节卵巢卵泡生长的概念。
