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牛肉干腌过程中品质指标及其对质地剖面的影响评估。

Assessment of Quality Indices and Their Influence on the Texture Profile in the Dry-Aging Process of Beef.

作者信息

Bulgaru Viorica, Popescu Liliana, Netreba Natalia, Ghendov-Mosanu Aliona, Sturza Rodica

机构信息

Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova.

出版信息

Foods. 2022 May 23;11(10):1526. doi: 10.3390/foods11101526.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the dry-aging method on the sensory properties, chemical composition, and profile parameters of the texture of beef obtained from local farms. The qualitative characteristics of the beef were investigated for five samples, respectively, fresh meat, and dry-aged beef for 14, 21, 28, and 35 days, in aging rooms with controlled parameters: temperature (1 ± 1 °C), relative humidity (80 ± 5%), and air circulation speed (0.5-2 m/s). During the dry-aging period, there was a decrease in humidity by about 6.5% in the first 21 days, which allowed the concentration of fat, protein, and total collagen content. The dry-aging process considerably influenced the pH value of the meat, which, in the second part of the dry-aging process (14-35 days), increased from 5.49 to 5.66. These values favored the increase by 37.33% of the water retention capacity and the activation of the meat's own enzymes (calpain, cathepsin, collagenase). This influenced the solubilization process of proteins and collagen, thus contributing to the improvement of the texture profile. Because variations in organoleptic and physicochemical parameters occurred simultaneously during dry-aging and storage, the method of analyzing the information was applied. Mutual information on the influence of physicochemical indicators on the texture profile parameters was followed, a factor of major importance in the consumer's perception. The degree of influence of soluble proteins, sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins, fats, and soluble collagen content on the texture profile parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness) of the dry-aged beef for 35 days was established. These investigations allowed the optimization of the beef dry-aging technological process in order to obtain a product with a sensory profile preferred by the consumer.

摘要

本研究的目的是调查干腌法对本地农场牛肉的感官特性、化学成分和质地剖面参数的影响。分别对五个样本的牛肉定性特征进行了研究,即鲜肉以及在参数可控的老化室中干腌14天、21天、28天和35天的牛肉,参数包括温度(1±1°C)、相对湿度(80±5%)和空气循环速度(0.5 - 2米/秒)。在干腌期间,前21天湿度下降了约6.5%,这使得脂肪、蛋白质和总胶原蛋白含量得以浓缩。干腌过程对肉的pH值有显著影响,在干腌过程的第二阶段(14 - 35天),pH值从5.49升至5.66。这些数值有利于保水能力提高37.33%,并激活肉自身的酶(钙蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶、胶原酶)。这影响了蛋白质和胶原蛋白的溶解过程,从而有助于改善质地剖面。由于在干腌和储存过程中感官和理化参数的变化同时发生,因此应用了信息分析方法。跟踪了理化指标对质地剖面参数影响的互信息,这是消费者认知中的一个重要因素。确定了可溶性蛋白质、肌浆蛋白和肌原纤维蛋白、脂肪以及可溶性胶原蛋白含量对35天干腌牛肉质地剖面参数(硬度、内聚性、弹性、黏性和咀嚼性)的影响程度。这些研究有助于优化牛肉干腌工艺流程,以获得消费者偏好的感官特征产品。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/fd7a/9141253/be6d1faaba17/foods-11-01526-g001.jpg

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