Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-903, Brazil.
Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 19;19(10):6169. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19106169.
The desire to escape from pressures/anxiety represents an important motivation for problematic engagement with short-term rewarding behaviors that could contribute to the development of recognized and candidate behavioral addictions, including problematic shopping, a prevalent condition among youth in the U.S.A. characterized by excessive shopping cognitions/behaviors that lead to distress/impairment. However, to date, the specific correlates of shopping to relieve anxiety or tension have yet to be evaluated. We aimed at addressing this gap by analyzing data (N = 2556) from a high-school survey from Connecticut in an exploratory fashion. Adolescents who acknowledged experiencing a growing tension or anxiety that could only be relieved by shopping were classified as having negative-reinforcement shopping and compared to the remaining students. Data were analyzed in chi-square and logistic regression models to examine negative-reinforcement shopping in relation to socio-demographics, health correlates, gambling-related perceptions/attitudes, and problem-gambling severity/gambling behaviors. Negative-reinforcement shopping was more frequent in female and Hispanic students, was linked to more permissive gambling attitudes and at-risk/problematic gambling, and was associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs, dysphoria/depression, and weapon-carrying and physical fighting. Taken together, these findings highlight adverse measures of health and functioning linked to negative-reinforcement shopping that may be particularly relevant to girls and Hispanic youth. Additional efforts to prevent negative outcomes are warranted.
逃避压力/焦虑的愿望代表了一种重要的动机，即参与短期奖励行为，这可能导致公认和候选的行为成瘾的发展，包括有问题的购物，这是美国年轻人中一种普遍存在的情况，其特征是过度的购物认知/行为导致痛苦/损伤。然而，迄今为止，购物缓解焦虑或紧张的具体相关性尚未得到评估。我们旨在通过以探索性的方式分析康涅狄格州高中调查（N = 2556）的数据来解决这一差距。承认经历不断增加的紧张或焦虑，只能通过购物来缓解的青少年被归类为具有负强化购物，并与其余学生进行比较。使用卡方和逻辑回归模型分析数据，以检查负强化购物与社会人口统计学、健康相关性、与赌博相关的认知/态度以及问题赌博严重程度/赌博行为的关系。负强化购物在女性和西班牙裔学生中更为常见，与更宽容的赌博态度和有风险/有问题的赌博有关，并且与使用酒精、烟草、大麻和其他药物、烦躁/抑郁以及携带武器和身体斗殴有关。总之，这些发现强调了与负强化购物相关的健康和功能的不利措施，这可能对女孩和西班牙裔青年尤为重要。需要进一步努力预防不良后果。
