Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania.
"Aurel Ardelean" Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 16;23(10):5548. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105548.
Galectins are ten family members of carbohydrate-binding proteins with a high affinity for β galactose-containing oligosaccharides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is the first protein discovered in the family, expressed in many sites under normal and pathological conditions. In the first part of the review article, we described recent advances in the Gal-1 modulatory role on wound healing, by focusing on the different phases triggered by Gal-1, such as inflammation, proliferation, tissue repair and re-epithelialization. On the contrary, Gal-1 persistent over-expression enhances angiogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) production via PI3K/Akt pathway activation and leads to keloid tissue. Therefore, the targeted Gal-1 modulation should be considered a method of choice to treat wound healing and avoid keloid formation. In the second part of the review article, we discuss studies clarifying the role of Gal-1 in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, liver, renal, pancreatic and pulmonary fibrosis. This evidence suggests that Gal-1 may become a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of tissue fibrosis and a promising molecular target for the development of new and original therapeutic tools to treat fibrosis in different chronic diseases.
半乳糖凝集素是具有高亲和力结合β半乳糖苷糖的十大家族成员的碳水化合物结合蛋白。半乳糖凝集素-1（Gal-1）是该家族中发现的第一种蛋白质，在正常和病理条件下在许多部位表达。在综述文章的第一部分，我们描述了 Gal-1 对伤口愈合的调节作用的最新进展，重点介绍了 Gal-1 触发的不同阶段，如炎症、增殖、组织修复和再上皮化。相反，Gal-1 的持续过表达通过 PI3K/Akt 通路的激活增强血管生成和细胞外基质（ECM）的产生，导致瘢痕组织。因此，靶向 Gal-1 调节应被视为治疗伤口愈合和避免瘢痕形成的首选方法。在综述文章的第二部分，我们讨论了阐明 Gal-1 在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变、肝脏、肾脏、胰腺和肺纤维化发病机制中的作用的研究。这一证据表明，Gal-1 可能成为组织纤维化的诊断和预后的生物标志物，以及开发用于治疗不同慢性疾病纤维化的新的和原创治疗工具的有前途的分子靶点。
