Ahmad Iftikhar, Tan Wenhao, Ali Qasim, Sun Houjun
Beijing Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave and Terahertz Techniques, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Micromachines (Basel). 2022 Apr 30;13(5):717. doi: 10.3390/mi13050717.
In the recent era, fifth-generation technology (5G) has not been fully implemented in the realm of wireless communication. To have excellent accessible bandwidth feasibility, and in order to achieve the aims of 5G standards, such as higher data rates and ultrahigh-definition video streaming, the millimeter wave (mmWave) band must be employed. Services with minimal latency and many other features are feasible only in the mmWave spectrum. To avoid numerous communication complexities such as high connection losses, short wavelength, and restricted bandwidth, as well as path-loss challenges in the mmWave range, an antenna with wide bandwidth, high gain, narrow steerable beam, high isolation, low side-lobe levels, and multiband features is required to alleviate these difficulties and meet 5G communication standards. To overcome these challenges, specific strategies and techniques should be employed in the traditional antenna designing procedure to excellently improve the performance of the antenna in terms of bandwidth, gain, and efficiency and to reduce the mutual coupling effect between the closely colocated antenna elements in MIMOs and arrays. The researchers reported on a variety of bandwidth and gain improvement approaches. To gain broader coverage, traditional antenna design techniques must be modified. In this study, the latest state-of-the-art work is reviewed, such as the role of the metamaterials (MMTs), parasitic patches, hybrid feeding, EBG structure, impact of the slots with different geometrical shapes in the radiator to achieve the goal of wide bandwidth, boosted gain, reduced side-lobes level, as well as stable radiation properties. Mutual coupling reduction techniques are also briefly reported. The role of reconfigurability is focused on in this study, and at the end, the future challenges in the field of antenna design and possible remedies to such issues are reviewed.
在当今时代，第五代技术（5G）尚未在无线通信领域得到全面应用。为了具备出色的可用带宽可行性，并实现5G标准的目标，如更高的数据速率和超高清视频流传输，必须采用毫米波（mmWave）频段。只有在毫米波频谱中，具有最小延迟和许多其他特性的服务才可行。为了避免诸如高连接损耗、短波长、受限带宽以及毫米波范围内的路径损耗挑战等众多通信复杂性问题，需要一种具有宽带宽、高增益、窄可控波束、高隔离度、低旁瓣电平以及多频段特性的天线来缓解这些困难并满足5G通信标准。为了克服这些挑战，在传统天线设计过程中应采用特定的策略和技术，以在带宽、增益和效率方面出色地提高天线性能，并减少多输入多输出（MIMO）和阵列中紧密共置的天线元件之间的相互耦合效应。研究人员报道了各种带宽和增益改进方法。为了获得更广泛的覆盖范围，必须修改传统天线设计技术。在本研究中，回顾了最新的前沿工作，如超材料（MMT）、寄生贴片、混合馈电、电磁带隙（EBG）结构的作用，散热器中不同几何形状的缝隙对实现宽带宽、提高增益、降低旁瓣电平以及稳定辐射特性目标的影响。还简要报道了互耦降低技术。本研究重点关注可重构性的作用，最后，回顾了天线设计领域未来的挑战以及针对此类问题可能的补救措施。
