Raj Tej, Mishra Ranjan, Kumar Pradeep, Kapoor Ankush
Electrical Cluster, SoE, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India.
Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jul 12;23(14):6329. doi: 10.3390/s23146329.
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has emerged as a highly promising solution for wireless communication, offering an opportunity to overcome the limitations of traffic capacity in high-speed broadband wireless network access. By utilizing multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends, the MIMO system enhances the efficiency and performance of wireless communication systems. This manuscript specifies a comprehensive review of MIMO antenna design approaches for fifth generation (5G) and beyond. With an introductory glimpse of cellular generation and the frequency spectrum for 5G, profound key enabling technologies for 5G mobile communication are presented. A detailed analysis of MIMO performance parameters in terms of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and isolation is presented along with the advantages of MIMO technology over conventional SISO systems. MIMO is characterized and the performance is compared based on wideband/ultra-wideband, multiband/reconfigurable, circular polarized wideband/circular polarized ultra-wideband/circular polarized multiband, and reconfigurable categories. The design approaches of MIMO antennas for various 5G bands are discussed. It is subsequently enriched with the detailed studies of wideband (WB)/ultra-wideband (UWB), multiband, and circular polarized MIMO antennas with different design techniques. A good MIMO antenna system should be well decoupled among different ports to enhance its performance, and hence isolation among different ports is a crucial factor in designing high-performance MIMO antennas. A summary of design approaches with improved isolation is presented. The manuscript summarizes the various MIMO antenna design aspects for NR FR-1 (new radio frequency range) and NR FR-2, which will benefit researchers in the field of 5G and forthcoming cellular generations.
多输入多输出（MIMO）技术已成为无线通信中极具前景的解决方案，为克服高速宽带无线网络接入中流量容量的限制提供了契机。通过在发射端和接收端都使用多个天线，MIMO系统提高了无线通信系统的效率和性能。本文详细综述了用于第五代（5G）及以后的MIMO天线设计方法。在简要介绍蜂窝通信代际和5G频谱之后，阐述了5G移动通信的关键使能技术。详细分析了MIMO在包络相关系数（ECC）、总有源反射系数（TARC）、平均有效增益（MEG）和隔离度方面的性能参数，以及MIMO技术相对于传统单输入单输出（SISO）系统的优势。对MIMO进行了特性描述，并根据宽带/超宽带、多频段/可重构、圆极化宽带/圆极化超宽带/圆极化多频段以及可重构类别对其性能进行了比较。讨论了用于各种5G频段的MIMO天线设计方法。随后对采用不同设计技术的宽带（WB）/超宽带（UWB）、多频段和圆极化MIMO天线进行了详细研究。一个良好的MIMO天线系统在不同端口之间应具有良好的解耦以提高其性能，因此不同端口之间的隔离度是设计高性能MIMO天线的关键因素。给出了具有改进隔离度的设计方法总结。本文总结了用于NR FR-1（新射频范围）和NR FR-2的各种MIMO天线设计方面，这将使5G领域及未来蜂窝通信代际的研究人员受益。
