Dynamics of Infection in during the Parasitic Phase in a Chronically Infected Horse.

Experimental studies have demonstrated that () transmits to horses. However, the degree and dynamics of this protozoan infection in the vector's organism have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the infection rate and parasitic load of in , the infection dynamics in this arthropod during experimental infestation in a horse chronically infected with , and to evaluate the trans-stadial and intrastadial transmission competence of by . The experimental infestation period of on the horse was 33 days, but males were found on the animal up to 60 days post-infestation. After the fifth day post-infestation, ticks and equine blood were collected every two days. Whole ticks from the same developmental stage collected in the same day were pooled. Adult ticks were dissected to extract salivary glands and gut. DNA extraction was performed for all the samples, and they were then submitted to qPCRs for diagnosis. Freshly molted nymphs collected as larvae in the horse and freshly molted males and females collected as nymphs in the horse showed equal to or greater than 75% positivity for , indicating a strong possibility of trans-stadial transmission. The longest permanence of the male ticks on the horse associated with the high positivity rate of this type of sample for indicate that the male may play a role in the intrastadial transmission of to infection-free horses. The salivary glands displayed 77.78% positivity for and presented a higher infection rate at the end of the experimental period (100% from 29 to 33 days post-infection). This study shows that has high infection rates and that the infection rate and parasitic load increased over the experimental period. These findings confirm the importance of chronically infected horses with as a source of infection for