Majerník Martin, Jendželovský Rastislav, Vargová Jana, Jendželovská Zuzana, Fedoročko Peter
Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 17;14(5):1075. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051075.
It is more than sixty years since the era of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer began. Enhanced selectivity for malignant cells with a reduced selectivity for non-malignant cells and good biocompatibility along with the limited occurrence of side effects are considered to be the most significant advantages of PDT in comparison with conventional therapeutic approaches, e.g., chemotherapy. The phenomenon of multidrug resistance, which is associated with drug efflux transporters, was originally identified in relation to the application of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, over the last thirty years, numerous papers have shown that many photosensitizers are the substrates of efflux transporters, significantly restricting the effectiveness of PDT. The concept of a dynamic nanoplatform offers a possible solution to minimize the multidrug resistance effect in cells affected by PDT. Indeed, recent findings have shown that the utilization of nanoparticles could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Additionally, multifunctional nanoplatforms could induce the synergistic effect of combined treatment regimens, such as PDT with chemotherapy. Moreover, the surface modifications that are associated with nanoparticle functionalization significantly improve the target potential of PDT or chemo-PDT in multidrug resistant and cancer stem cells.
现代癌症光动力疗法（PDT）时代开始至今已有六十多年。与传统治疗方法（如化疗）相比，PDT对恶性细胞具有更高的选择性，对非恶性细胞的选择性降低，且具有良好的生物相容性，副作用发生率有限，这些被认为是PDT最显著的优势。多药耐药现象与药物外排转运蛋白有关，最初是在化疗应用中被发现的。不幸的是，在过去三十年里，大量文献表明许多光敏剂是外排转运蛋白的底物，这显著限制了PDT的有效性。动态纳米平台的概念为最小化受PDT影响的细胞中的多药耐药效应提供了一种可能的解决方案。事实上，最近的研究结果表明，纳米颗粒的利用可以显著提高PDT的治疗效果。此外，多功能纳米平台可以诱导联合治疗方案的协同效应，如PDT与化疗联合。而且，与纳米颗粒功能化相关的表面修饰显著提高了PDT或化学-光动力疗法在多药耐药细胞和癌症干细胞中的靶向潜力。
