Olmedo-Moreno Laura, Aguilera Yolanda, Baliña-Sánchez Carmen, Martín-Montalvo Alejandro, Capilla-González Vivian
Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER)-CSIC-US-UPO, 41092 Seville, Spain.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 May 23;14(5):1112. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051112.
Beneficial properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have prompted their use in preclinical and clinical research. Accumulating evidence has been provided for the therapeutic effects of MSCs in several pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, skin problems, liver disorders and cancer, among others. Although MSCs are found in multiple tissues, the number of MSCs is low, making in vitro expansion a required step before MSC application. However, culture-expanded MSCs exhibit notable differences in terms of cell morphology, physiology and function, which decisively contribute to MSC heterogeneity. The changes induced in MSCs during in vitro expansion may account for the variability in the results obtained in different MSC-based therapy studies, including those using MSCs as living drug delivery systems. This review dissects the different changes that occur in culture-expanded MSCs and how these modifications alter their therapeutic properties after transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss the current strategies developed to improve the beneficial effects of MSCs for successful clinical implementation, as well as potential therapeutic alternatives.
间充质基质细胞（MSCs）的有益特性促使其被用于临床前和临床研究。已有越来越多的证据表明MSCs在多种病症中具有治疗作用，包括神经退行性疾病、心肌梗死、皮肤问题、肝脏疾病和癌症等。尽管在多种组织中都能发现MSCs，但MSCs的数量较少，这使得体外扩增成为MSCs应用前的必要步骤。然而，经培养扩增的MSCs在细胞形态、生理学和功能方面表现出显著差异，这在很大程度上导致了MSCs的异质性。体外扩增过程中MSCs发生的变化可能是不同基于MSCs的治疗研究（包括那些将MSCs用作活体药物递送系统的研究）所得结果存在差异的原因。本综述剖析了经培养扩增的MSCs发生的不同变化，以及这些修饰如何在移植后改变其治疗特性。此外，我们还讨论了为提高MSCs的有益效果以实现成功临床应用而制定的当前策略，以及潜在的治疗替代方案。
