Ali Muhammad Yasir, Naseem Tayyaba, Zhang Jinping, Pan Mingzhen, Zhang Feng, Liu Tong-Xian
Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology and Molecular Biology, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
Plants (Basel). 2022 May 19;11(10):1350. doi: 10.3390/plants11101350.
Plants have evolved a number of different chemical defenses, covering nearly all classes of (secondary) metabolites, that represent a major barrier to herbivory: some are constitutive; others are induced after attacks from herbivores (HIPVs) and may elicit the attraction of predators and parasitoids. Here, we studied how the female solitary endoparasitoid responds to plant and host aphid volatiles in a series of experiments on five commercially important vegetables that were either healthy or infested with the aphid : chili pepper, eggplant, crown daisy, Chinese cabbage and cabbage. The results for the olfactory responses of showed that the presence of increased the attraction of the endoparasitoid to the infested plants. In a second experiment, volatiles from highly attractive and repellent plants were obtained via headspace collection to investigate volatiles from healthy and aphid-damaged plants. The results for the differences in volatile profiles in response to aphid infestation in chili pepper cultivar were dominated by the volatile blends, including α-pinene, decanal and phthalic acid, while in cabbage they were dominated by isophorone. Moreover, when HIPVs with different concentrations were compared, α-pinene at a dose rate of 100 ng/μL attracted more parasitoids, and the comparison was useful to understand the mechanisms of plant secondary volatiles during aphid infestation and to provide new resources to control this insect pest. Overall our study shows how HIPVs can bolster tritrophic interactions by enhancing the attractiveness of parasitoids.
植物已经进化出多种不同的化学防御机制，涵盖了几乎所有种类的（次生）代谢产物，这些代谢产物构成了食草动物的主要障碍：有些是组成型的；其他的则是在受到食草动物攻击后诱导产生的（食草动物诱导植物挥发物，HIPVs），可能会引来捕食者和寄生蜂。在此，我们在一系列针对五种商业上重要的蔬菜（分别是健康的或被蚜虫侵害的辣椒、茄子、茼蒿、大白菜和甘蓝）的实验中，研究了雌性独居内寄生蜂如何对植物和寄主蚜虫的挥发物做出反应。对[具体对象]嗅觉反应的结果表明，[蚜虫]的存在增加了内寄生蜂对受侵害植物的吸引力。在第二个实验中，通过顶空收集获得了来自极具吸引力和具有驱避作用的植物的挥发物，以研究健康植物和受蚜虫侵害植物的挥发物。辣椒品种中，响应蚜虫侵害的挥发物成分差异结果主要由包括α-蒎烯、癸醛和邻苯二甲酸在内的挥发物混合物主导，而在甘蓝中则主要由异佛尔酮主导。此外，当比较不同浓度的食草动物诱导植物挥发物时，剂量率为100 ng/μL的α-蒎烯吸引了更多的寄生蜂，这种比较有助于理解蚜虫侵害期间植物次生挥发物的作用机制，并为控制这种害虫提供新的资源。总体而言，我们的研究表明食草动物诱导植物挥发物如何通过增强寄生蜂的吸引力来加强三级营养相互作用。
