Tang Yixuan, Cai Zhengwei, Sun Xiaoxia, Chong Chuanmei, Yan Xinfei, Li Mingdi, Xu Jia
Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 May 13;14(10):2004. doi: 10.3390/polym14102004.
Water purification and water desalination via membrane technology are generally deemed as reliable supplementaries for abundant potable water. Electrospun nanofiber-based membranes (ENMs), benefitting from characteristics such as a higher specific surface area, higher porosity, lower thickness, and possession of attracted broad attention, has allowed it to evolve into a promising candidate rapidly. Here, great attention is placed on the current status of ENMs with two categories according to the roles of electrospun nanofiber layers: (i) nanofiber layer serving as a selective layer, (ii) nanofiber layer serving as supporting substrate. For the nanofiber layer's role as a selective layer, this work presents the structures and properties of conventional ENMs and mixed matrix ENMs. Fabricating parameters and adjusting approaches such as polymer and cosolvent, inorganic and organic incorporation and surface modification are demonstrated in detail. It is crucial to have a matched selective layer for nanofiber layers acting as a supporting layer. The various selective layers fabricated on the nanofiber layer are put forward in this paper. The fabrication approaches include inorganic deposition, polymer coating, and interfacial polymerization. Lastly, future perspectives and the main challenges in the field concerning the use of ENMs for water treatment are discussed. It is expected that the progress of ENMs will promote the prosperity and utilization of various industries such as water treatment, environmental protection, healthcare, and energy storage.
通过膜技术进行水净化和海水淡化通常被视为获取丰富饮用水的可靠补充方法。基于电纺纳米纤维的膜（ENMs），因其具有较高的比表面积、较高的孔隙率、较低的厚度等特性而受到广泛关注，并迅速成为一种有前途的候选材料。在此，根据电纺纳米纤维层的作用，重点关注两类ENMs的现状：（i）纳米纤维层作为选择性层；（ii）纳米纤维层作为支撑基底。对于纳米纤维层作为选择性层的作用，本文介绍了传统ENMs和混合基质ENMs的结构与性能。详细阐述了诸如聚合物和助溶剂、无机和有机添加剂以及表面改性等制备参数和调节方法。对于作为支撑层的纳米纤维层而言，拥有匹配的选择性层至关重要。本文提出了在纳米纤维层上制备的各种选择性层。制备方法包括无机沉积、聚合物涂层和界面聚合。最后，讨论了该领域在使用ENMs进行水处理方面的未来前景和主要挑战。预计ENMs的进展将推动水处理、环境保护、医疗保健和储能等各个行业的繁荣与应用。
