Vakharia Ved S, Singh Mrityunjay, Salem Anton, Halbig Michael C, Salem Jonathan A
NASA Pathway Intern, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92092, USA.
Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 May 21;14(10):2105. doi: 10.3390/polym14102105.
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) systems utilize a wide variety of commercially available filaments, including Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), as well as their variants. However, the effect of filament composition, reinforcements (chopped fibers and nanotubes), and 3-D printing variables on the microstructure and thermomechanical behavior is not well understood, and systematic studies are needed. In this work, different types of ABS materials with and without carbon fiber and carbon nanotube reinforcements were printed with multiple print layer heights. The microstructure, elastic behavior, tensile behavior, and fracture toughness of 3-D printed materials were characterized. ABS material systems printed at a low print layer height of 0.1 mm outperformed those printed at a larger height of 0.2 mm. Carbon nanotube reinforcements result in significant improvement in the strength and elastic modulus of ABS materials. Printed coupons of ABS with carbon nanotubes achieve an ultimate strength of 34.18 MPa, while a premium grade ABS coupon achieved 28.75 MPa when printed with the same print layer heights. Samples of ABS with chopped carbon fiber show an ultimate strength of 27.25 MPa, due primarily to the significant porosity present in the filament. Elastic moduli and fracture toughness measured using dynamic and mechanical methods show similar trends as a function of layer height. The effects of different materials, reinforcements, and printing parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed in detail.
熔融长丝制造（FFF）系统使用多种市售长丝，包括丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（ABS）及其变体。然而，长丝成分、增强材料（短切纤维和纳米管）以及3D打印变量对微观结构和热机械行为的影响尚未得到充分理解，因此需要进行系统研究。在这项工作中，使用多种打印层高对有无碳纤维和碳纳米管增强材料的不同类型ABS材料进行了打印。对3D打印材料的微观结构、弹性行为、拉伸行为和断裂韧性进行了表征。打印层高为0.1mm的ABS材料体系性能优于打印层高为0.2mm的体系。碳纳米管增强材料显著提高了ABS材料的强度和弹性模量。含碳纳米管的ABS打印试样的极限强度达到34.18MPa，而在相同打印层高下打印的优质级ABS试样的极限强度为28.75MPa。含短切碳纤维的ABS试样的极限强度为27.25MPa，这主要是由于长丝中存在大量孔隙。使用动态和力学方法测量的弹性模量和断裂韧性随层高的变化趋势相似。详细讨论了不同材料、增强材料和打印参数对微观结构和力学性能的影响。
