Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal.
Direção Regional de Agricultura e Pescas do Centro, 3000-317 Coimbra, Portugal.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 May 10;22(10):3632. doi: 10.3390/s22103632.
Rice irrigation by continuous flooding is highly water demanding in comparison with most methods applied in the irrigation of other crops, due to a significant deep percolation and surface drainage of paddies. The pollution of water resources and methane emissions are other environmental problems of rice agroecosystems, which require effective agronomic changes to safeguard its sustainable production. To contribute to this solution, an experimental study of alternate wetting and drying flooding (AWD) was carried out in the Center of Portugal in farmer's paddies, using the methodology of field irrigation evaluation. The AWD results showed that there is a relevant potential to save about 10% of irrigation water with a reduced yield impact, allowing an additional period of about 10 to 29 days of dry soil. The guidelines to promote the on-farm scale AWD automation were outlined, integrating multiple data sources, to get a safe control of soil water and crop productivity. The conclusions point out the advantages of a significant change in the irrigation procedures, the use of water level sensors to assess the right irrigation scheduling to manage the soil deficit and the mild crop stress during the dry periods, and the development of paddy irrigation supplies, to allow a safe and smart AWD.
与灌溉其他作物的大多数方法相比，水稻连续淹水灌溉的耗水量非常高，因为稻田有大量的深层渗透和地表排水。水资源污染和甲烷排放是水稻农业生态系统的其他环境问题，需要采取有效的农业措施来确保其可持续生产。为了解决这个问题，在葡萄牙中部的农民稻田中进行了间歇淹水灌溉（AWD）的实验研究，使用了田间灌溉评估的方法。AWD 的结果表明，通过减少产量的影响，大约可以节省 10%的灌溉用水，还可以额外延长大约 10-29 天的干土期。概述了促进田间 AWD 自动化的指南，整合了多个数据源，以安全地控制土壤水分和作物生产力。结论指出了灌溉程序的重大改变、水位传感器的使用、在干旱期评估正确的灌溉计划以管理土壤亏缺和轻度作物胁迫以及稻田灌溉供应的发展等方面的优势，这些措施可以实现安全和智能的 AWD。
