Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Bogotá 111321, Colombia.
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-Agrosavia, Centro de Investigación Tibaitata, Km 14, vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera 250040, Colombia.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 May 22;22(10):3925. doi: 10.3390/s22103925.
In Colombia, the second-largest exporter of cut flowers worldwide and one of the South American countries with the largest area of crops under cover, passive or naturally ventilated greenhouses predominate. Locally, there are several types of greenhouses that differ in architecture, size, height, shape of roof and ventilation surfaces, of which many characteristics of the microclimate generated in their interior environment are unknown. This generates productive limitations that in some way may be limiting the yield, quality and health of the final products harvested; in addition, Colombian producers do not have the ability to monitor the microclimate of their farms, much less to correlate microclimate data with data on crop production and yield. Therefore, there is a need for the Colombian grower to know the most relevant microclimate characteristics generated in the main greenhouses used locally. The objective of this work was to carry out a microclimatic characterization of the five most used types of greenhouses in Colombia. The main results allowed determining that in these structures, there are conditions of high humidity and low vapor pressure for several hours of the day, which affects the physiological processes of growth and development of the plants. It was also identified that for each type of greenhouse, depending on the level of radiation, there is a significant microclimatic heterogeneity that may be the cause of the heterogeneity in plant growth, which is a common characteristic observed by the technical cultivation personnel. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is urgent to propose microclimatic optimization strategies to help ensure the sustainability of the most important production systems in the country.
在哥伦比亚，全球第二大切花出口国，也是覆盖作物面积最大的南美国家之一，被动式或自然通风温室占据主导地位。在当地，有几种类型的温室，它们在建筑、大小、高度、屋顶形状和通风面方面有所不同，其中许多关于其内部环境产生的小气候特征是未知的。这会产生生产限制，在某种程度上可能会限制最终收获产品的产量、质量和健康；此外，哥伦比亚生产商无法监测其农场的小气候，更不用说将小气候数据与作物生产和产量数据相关联。因此，哥伦比亚种植者需要了解当地主要使用的五种温室所产生的最相关的小气候特征。这项工作的目的是对哥伦比亚五种最常用的温室类型进行小气候特征描述。主要结果表明，在这些结构中，有几个小时会出现高湿度和低蒸汽压力的情况，这会影响植物的生长和发育的生理过程。还发现，对于每种类型的温室，根据辐射水平的不同，存在显著的小气候异质性，这可能是植物生长异质性的原因，这是技术栽培人员观察到的一个常见特征。因此，可以得出结论，迫切需要提出小气候优化策略，以帮助确保该国最重要的生产系统的可持续性。
