García-Pardo Miguel, Gorria Teresa, Malenica Ines, Corgnac Stéphanie, Teixidó Cristina, Mezquita Laura
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.
Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 9;10(5):740. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050740.
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint modulators has revolutionized the oncology field, emerging as a new standard of care for multiple indications, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, prognosis for patients with lung cancer is still poor. Although immunotherapy is highly effective in some cases, not all patients experience significant or durable responses, and further strategies are needed to improve outcomes. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to exploit the body's immune system to activate long-lasting memory against tumor cells that ensure tumor regression, with minimal toxicity. A unique feature of cancer vaccines lies in their complementary approach to boost antitumor immunity that could potentially act synergistically with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, single-line immunization against tumor epitopes with vaccine-based therapeutics has been disappointingly unsuccessful, to date, in lung cancer. The high level of success of several recent vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the evolving advances in science and technology in the vaccines field, raising hope that this strategy can be successfully applied to cancer treatments. In this review, we describe the biology behind the cancer vaccines, and discuss current evidence for the different types of therapeutic cancer vaccines in NSCLC, including their mechanisms of action, current clinical development, and future strategies.
使用免疫检查点调节剂的免疫疗法彻底改变了肿瘤学领域，成为包括非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）在内的多种适应症的新护理标准。然而，肺癌患者的预后仍然很差。尽管免疫疗法在某些情况下非常有效，但并非所有患者都能获得显著或持久的反应，因此需要进一步的策略来改善治疗结果。治疗性癌症疫苗旨在利用人体免疫系统激活针对肿瘤细胞的持久记忆，以确保肿瘤消退，同时毒性最小。癌症疫苗的一个独特之处在于其增强抗肿瘤免疫力的互补方法，这种方法可能与免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）协同作用。然而，迄今为止，基于疫苗的治疗方法针对肿瘤表位的单一线性免疫在肺癌治疗中令人失望地未取得成功。最近几种针对SARS-CoV-2的疫苗取得的高度成功突出了疫苗领域科学技术的不断进步，这让人们希望这种策略能够成功应用于癌症治疗。在这篇综述中，我们描述了癌症疫苗背后的生物学原理，并讨论了NSCLC中不同类型治疗性癌症疫苗的当前证据，包括它们 的作用机制、当前的临床开发情况以及未来的策略。
