Mombert Pauline, Guijarro Díaz-Otero Belén, Alonso-Prados José Luis
Unidad de Productos Fitosanitarios Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC) - Plant Protection Product Unit National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Spain.
EFSA J. 2022 May 25;20(Suppl 1):e200412. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200412. eCollection 2022 May.
Both chemical and microbial active substances can currently be approved as pesticides in the EU, the provisions of their approval being set under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. Although sharing the same legal framework, chemicals and microorganisms used as pesticides have different risk profiles especially because once released into the environment, microbial active substances may produce secondary metabolites, multiply, spread and possibly genetically adapt or transfer antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. Consequently, the risk assessment process must adjust to the specificities ensuing from the chemical or microbial nature of the active substance. This specific programme focused on the risk assessment of microorganisms used as pesticides, especially on the low-risk criteria linked to antimicrobial resistance and the risk assessment of secondary metabolites. The use of microorganisms in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes was also investigated. In 2020, the recently adopted Farm to Fork Strategy and the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, two important action plans of the European Green Deal, called for a 50% reduction in the use of and risk from chemical and more hazardous pesticides. Many microorganisms are likely to be approved as low-risk active substances, thus representing important tools to achieve this goal. Given the central role that microbial active substances could play towards a more sustainable food system, a need for information regarding the actual production of secondary metabolites by the microorganisms of interest and projects investigating IPM programmes at national and EU levels was identified.
目前，化学活性物质和微生物活性物质在欧盟都可被批准用作农药，其批准规定依据（欧盟）第1107/2009号法规制定。尽管用作农药的化学物质和微生物共享相同的法律框架，但它们具有不同的风险特征，特别是因为一旦释放到环境中，微生物活性物质可能会产生次生代谢产物、繁殖、传播，并可能在基因上适应或向其他微生物转移抗微生物抗性基因。因此，风险评估过程必须适应活性物质的化学或微生物性质所带来的特殊性。该专项计划聚焦于用作农药的微生物的风险评估，尤其关注与抗微生物抗性相关的低风险标准以及次生代谢产物的风险评估。还对微生物在综合虫害管理（IPM）计划中的使用情况进行了调查。2020年，最近通过的《从农场到餐桌战略》和《2030年生物多样性战略》这两项欧洲绿色协议的重要行动计划，呼吁将化学农药和更具危害性的农药的使用量及风险降低50%。许多微生物很可能被批准为低风险活性物质，从而成为实现这一目标的重要工具。鉴于微生物活性物质在建立更可持续的食品系统方面可能发挥的核心作用，人们确定需要有关目标微生物实际产生次生代谢产物的信息，以及在国家和欧盟层面调查综合虫害管理计划的项目信息。
