Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
J Orthop Res. 2023 Mar;41(3):601-613. doi: 10.1002/jor.25388. Epub 2022 Jun 9.
The field of additive manufacturing, 3D printing (3DP), has experienced an exponential growth over the past four decades, in part due to increased accessibility. Developments including computer-aided design and manufacturing, incorporation of more versatile materials, and improved printing techniques/equipment have stimulated growth of 3DP technologies within various industries, but most specifically the medical field. Alternatives to metals including ceramics and polymers have been garnering popularity due to their resorbable properties and physiologic similarity to extracellular matrix. 3DP has the capacity to utilize an assortment of materials and printing techniques for a multitude of indications, each with their own associated benefits. Within the field of medicine, advances in medical imaging have facilitated the integration of 3DP. In particular, the field of orthopedics has been one of the earliest medical specialties to implement 3DP. Current indications include education for patients, providers, and trainees, in addition to surgical planning. Moreover, further possibilities within orthopedic surgery continue to be explored, including the development of patient-specific implants. This review aims to highlight the use of current 3DP technology and materials by the orthopedic community, and includes comments on current trends and future direction(s) within the field.
增材制造领域，即 3D 打印（3DP），在过去四十年中经历了指数级增长，部分原因是其可及性的提高。包括计算机辅助设计和制造、更具多功能性的材料的应用以及改进的打印技术/设备的发展，刺激了 3DP 技术在各个行业中的发展，但在医疗领域最为突出。由于陶瓷和聚合物等替代金属具有可吸收性和与细胞外基质的生理相似性，因此它们越来越受欢迎。3DP 能够利用各种材料和打印技术来满足多种适应症，每种技术都有其自身的优点。在医学领域，医学成像的进步促进了 3DP 的整合。特别是，骨科是最早将 3DP 应用于医学的专业之一。目前的适应症包括患者、医护人员和学员的教育，以及手术规划。此外，骨科手术的进一步可能性仍在探索中，包括开发患者特异性植入物。本文旨在强调骨科领域当前 3DP 技术和材料的应用，并对该领域的当前趋势和未来方向进行评论。
