Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advance Study, Hangzhou, China.
Child Dev. 2022 Sep;93(5):1584-1600. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13799. Epub 2022 May 30.
Others' emotional expressions affect individuals' attention allocation in social interactions, which are integral to the process of word learning. However, the impact of perceived emotions on word learning is not well understood. Two eye-tracking experiments investigated 78 British toddlers' (37 girls) of 29- to 31-month-old retention of novel label-object and emotion-object associations after hearing labels presented in neutral, positive, and negative affect in a referent selection task. Overall, toddlers learned novel label-object associations regardless of the affect associated with objects but showed an attentional bias toward negative objects especially when emotional cues were presented (d = 0.95), suggesting that identifying the referent to a label is a competitive process between retrieval of the learned label-object association and the emotional valence of distractors.
他人的情感表达会影响个体在社交互动中的注意力分配，这是词汇学习过程的重要组成部分。然而，感知到的情绪对词汇学习的影响还不太清楚。两个眼动实验调查了 78 名 29 至 31 个月大的英国幼儿（37 名女孩）在参照选择任务中听到中性、积极和消极情感标签后，对新标签-物体和情感-物体关联的保留情况。总的来说，幼儿无论物体所关联的情感如何，都能学习新的标签-物体关联，但当呈现情绪线索时，他们会特别关注负面物体（d=0.95），这表明，确定标签的指称是一个竞争过程，涉及到对所学标签-物体关联的检索，以及分心物的情绪效价。
