Influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 on diabetes-induced afferent arteriole vasodilation: implications for glomerular hemodynamics.

Dysregulation in glomerular hemodynamics favors hyperfiltration in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although carnosine supplementation ameliorates features of DKD, its effect on glomerular vasoregulation is not known. We assessed the influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 (CN1) on afferent glomerular arteriole vasodilation and its association with glomerular size, hypertrophy, and nephrin expression in diabetic BTBR mice. Two cohorts of mice including appropriate controls were studied: i.e., diabetic mice that received oral carnosine supplementation () and human (h)CN1 transgenic (TG) diabetic mice (). The lumen area ratio (LAR) of the afferent arterioles and glomerular parameters were measured by conventional histology. Three-dimensional analysis using a tissue clearing strategy was also used. In both cohorts, LAR was significantly larger in diabetic BTBR versus nondiabetic BTBR mice (0.41 ± 0.05 vs. 0.26 ± 0.07, < 0.0001 and 0.42 ± 0.06 vs. 0.29 ± 0.04, < 0.0001) and associated with glomerular size (: = 0.55, = 0.001 and : = 0.89, < 0.0001). LAR was partially normalized by oral carnosine supplementation (0.34 ± 0.05 vs. 0.41 ± 0.05, = 0.004) but did not differ between hCN1 TG and wild-type BTBR mice. In hCN1 TG mice, serum CN1 concentrations correlated with LAR ( = 0.90, = 0.006). Diabetic mice displayed decreased nephrin expression and increased glomerular hypertrophy. This was not significantly different in hCN1 TG BTBR mice ( = 0.06 and = 0.08, respectively). In conclusion, carnosine and CN1 may affect intraglomerular pressure in an opposing manner through the regulation of afferent arteriolar tone. This study corroborates previous findings on the role of carnosine in the progression of DKD. Dysregulation in glomerular hemodynamics favors hyperfiltration in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although carnosine supplementation ameliorates features of DKD, its effect on glomerular vasoregulation is not known. We assessed the influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 (CN1) on afferent glomerular arteriole vasodilation and its association with glomerular size, hypertrophy, and nephrin expression in diabetic BTBR mice. Our results provide evidence that carnosine feeding and CN1 overexpression likely affect intraglomerular pressure through vasoregulation of the afferent arteriole.