Avdeling for rettsmedisinske fag, Oslo universitetssykehus.
NAV St. Hanshaugen, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2022 May 19;142(8). doi: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0547. Print 2022 May 24.
The use of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as ecstasy, has increased in Norway in recent years. Since MDMA has the potential to be toxic and cause death, we studied whether increased availability and use correlates with the increase in MDMA-associated deaths.
The study includes post-mortems with findings of MDMA in blood, linked to information about cause of death from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. These data were compared with the number of arrested drug drivers with MDMA detected in their blood as well as annual seizure statistics from Kripos (The National Criminal Investigation Service) in the period 2000-2019.
In the period 2000-2019, MDMA was detected in 142 fatalities, and the cause of death was known for 132 of these. The number of annual MDMA-associated deaths varied from 1 to 18. The median MDMA concentration among the fatalities increased from 1.9 µmol/L (interquartile range (IQR) 0.9 to 5.0) in 2000-2004 to 3.8 µmol/L (1.4 to 12.0) in 2015-2019. In 47/132 (36 %) of cases, MDMA and other central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drugs contributed to the death. Among arrested drug drivers with detected MDMA, the annual number of detected cases was 7-262 in this period, but the median concentration remained stable.
MDMA may have contributed to numerous deaths in Norway. Increased availability, increased use and increased strength of contents seem to be significant.
近年来，在挪威，3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA，俗称摇头丸）的使用有所增加。由于 MDMA 具有潜在的毒性并可能导致死亡，我们研究了可用性和使用量的增加是否与 MDMA 相关死亡的增加相关。
本研究包括对血液中发现 MDMA 的尸检，并与挪威死因登记处的死因信息相关联。这些数据与在血液中检测到 MDMA 的被逮捕的吸毒司机人数以及 Kripos（国家刑事调查局）在 2000-2019 年期间的年度缉获统计数据进行了比较。
在 2000-2019 年期间，在 142 例死亡中检测到 MDMA，其中 132 例已知死因。每年与 MDMA 相关的死亡人数从 1 到 18 不等。在死亡者中，MDMA 的中位数浓度从 2000-2004 年的 1.9µmol/L（四分位距（IQR）0.9-5.0）增加到 2015-2019 年的 3.8µmol/L（1.4-12.0）。在 47/132（36%）例中，MDMA 和其他中枢神经系统（CNS）兴奋剂药物导致死亡。在被逮捕的吸毒司机中，在这段时间内每年检测到 MDMA 的病例数为 7-262 例，但中位数浓度保持稳定。
MDMA 可能导致挪威许多人死亡。可用性增加、使用增加和含量增加似乎是显著的。
