Ewunie Temesgen Muche, Kabthymer Robel Hussen, Hailu Samrawit, Mareg Moges, Mengie Tesfa, Sisay Daniel, Arage Getachew
Department of Human Nutrition, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Eur Thyroid J. 2022 Jun 29;11(4). doi: 10.1530/ETJ-22-0066. Print 2022 Aug 1.
Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The availability of adequate iodized dietary salt at the household level is immensely important. Hence, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine concentration level of iodized dietary salt at the household level and its associated factors in Ethiopia.
We searched the literature using electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Embase) and gray literature from January 9, 2022, to February 25, 2022. The rapid test kit was used to measure the adequacy of iodine level of dietary salt. The quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Heterogeneity between studies was checked using I2 test statistics and publication bias was checked using funnel plot and Egger's statistical test at a 5% significance level. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence of the outcome variable and its determinants in Ethiopia.
The search identified 149 studies of which 18 studies were included with a total of 10,556 participants. The pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels of iodized salt in Ethiopia was 44.37% (95% CI: 35.85-52.88). Women who had formal education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.99 (95% CI: 1.47-2.48)), good knowledge of women (AOR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.36-3.36), packed iodized salt (AOR = 3.85 (95% CI: 1.88-7.87)) and storage of iodized salt at home for less than 2 months (AOR = 2.66 (95% CI: 2.11-3.35) were the significant factors.
This review suggests that the pooled prevalence of adequate iodine levels was low. Our finding highlights the need for considering the educational status, knowledge, and duration of salt storage to enhance the prevalence of adequate levels of iodized salt at the national level.
碘缺乏症（IDD）是埃塞俄比亚的一个主要公共卫生问题。家庭层面有充足的加碘食用盐至关重要。因此，本综述旨在估计埃塞俄比亚家庭层面加碘食用盐碘浓度充足水平的合并患病率及其相关因素。
我们于2022年1月9日至2022年2月25日使用电子数据库（PubMed/Medline、谷歌学术、科学Direct和Embase）及灰色文献检索文献。使用快速检测试剂盒测量食用盐的碘水平是否充足。采用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的批判性评价工具评估研究质量。使用I²检验统计量检查研究间的异质性，并使用漏斗图和Egger统计检验在5%显著性水平下检查发表偏倚。采用随机效应模型估计埃塞俄比亚结果变量及其决定因素的合并患病率。
检索到149项研究，其中18项研究被纳入，共有10556名参与者。埃塞俄比亚加碘盐碘水平充足的合并患病率为44.37%（95%置信区间：35.85 - 52.88）。接受过正规教育的女性（调整优势比（AOR）= 1.99（95%置信区间：1.47 - 2.48））、女性知识水平高（AOR = 2.14，95%置信区间：1.36 - 3.36）、袋装加碘盐（AOR = 3.85（95%置信区间：1.88 - 7.87））以及家中加碘盐储存时间少于2个月（AOR = 2.66（95%置信区间：2.11 - 3.35））是显著因素。
本综述表明碘水平充足的合并患病率较低。我们的研究结果强调，需要考虑教育状况、知识水平和盐的储存时间，以提高全国加碘盐充足水平的患病率。
