University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Water Res. 2022 Jul 15;220:118651. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118651. Epub 2022 May 24.
Pharmaceutical and illicit drug residues in sewage sludge may present important risks following direct application to agricultural soils, potentially resulting in uptake by plants. Leaching/desorption tests were performed on different types of stabilized sewage sludge originating from multiple treatment technologies in the Slovak Republic. Acid rain and base-rich condition of soil with different pH conditions were simulated to model the effect of widely varying pH (pH 2, 4, 7, 9, and 12) on the leaching/desorption of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs. Twenty-nine of 93 target analytes were found above the limit of quantification in sludge or associated leachates. Total desorbed amounts of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs ranged from 810 to 4000 µg/kg, and 110 to 3600 µg/kg of the dry mass of anaerobic and aerobic sludge, respectively. Desorbed fractions were calculated as these values are normalized to initial sludge concentration and, therefore, were more suitable for qualitative description of the behavior of individual compounds. Using principal component analysis, qualitative analysis of the desorbed fraction confirmed the differences among sludge types, pharmaceuticals, and desorption pH. Desorbed fractions could not be related to the octanol/water distribution coefficient. Desorbed fractions also did not reflect the expected ionization of studied molecules unless converted into their relative values. Generally, the lowest mobility was observed within the environmentally relevant pH range of 4-9, and high pH generally resulted in high desorption, especially in anaerobically stabilized sludges.
污水污泥中的药物和非法药物残留物在直接应用于农业土壤后可能会带来重要风险，有可能被植物吸收。对来自斯洛伐克共和国多种处理技术的不同类型稳定化污水污泥进行了浸出/解吸试验。模拟酸雨和具有不同 pH 值条件的富碱性土壤条件，以模拟广泛变化的 pH 值（pH 值 2、4、7、9 和 12）对药物和非法药物浸出/解吸的影响。在污泥或相关浸出液中发现 93 种目标分析物中有 29 种超过了限量。药物和非法药物的总解吸量范围为 810 至 4000 µg/kg，厌氧和需氧污泥的干质量分别为 110 至 3600 µg/kg。解吸分数是根据这些值归一化到初始污泥浓度计算得出的，因此更适合定性描述个别化合物的行为。通过主成分分析，对解吸分数的定性分析证实了污泥类型、药物和解吸 pH 值之间的差异。解吸分数不能与辛醇/水分配系数相关联。除非将其转换为相对值，否则解吸分数也不能反映研究分子的预期离子化。一般来说，在环境相关的 pH 值 4-9 范围内观察到最低的迁移率，而高 pH 值通常会导致高解吸，尤其是在厌氧稳定化污泥中。
