药品和非法药物——农用污泥应用的新威胁。
Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs - A new threat to the application of sewage sludge in agriculture.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Sep 1;634:606-615. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.001. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
The occurrence of 93 pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs and their metabolites has been investigated in stabilized sewage sludge from five municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Slovak Republic. The total population connected to the tested WWTPs was approximately 600,000 p.e. which represents >20% of the Slovak population connected to public sewer systems. The sludge production from the five tested plants was >8100tons in 2016, which is approximately 15% of the total Slovak sewage sludge production in 2016. The highest total concentration of all pharmaceuticals was found in WWTP Bratislava Devínska Nová Ves (DNV) and Senec - 11,800 and 11,300ng/g dry matter (DM), respectively. Among individual pharmaceuticals, the highest concentrations were recorded for fexofenadine (mean 2340ng/g DM, maximum 5600ng/g DM in Bratislava DNV) and telmisartan (mean 1170ng/g DM, with a maximum of 3370ng/g DM in Senec). A principal component analysis revealed differences between pharmaceutical patterns in aerobically and anaerobically stabilized sludge. The worst-case scenario based on no further degradation of pharmaceuticals between sludge production and field application was used to predict pharmaceutical mass loads in agriculture. For the result, we estimated an annual load to soil in the Slovak Republic of up to several hundred kilograms of pharmaceuticals and drugs, with the maximum for fexofenadine (120kg/year) and verapamil (29kg/year).
本研究调查了斯洛伐克共和国 5 家城市污水处理厂（WWTP）稳定化污泥中 93 种药物、非法药物及其代谢物的含量。接受测试的 WWTP 服务的总人口约为 60 万，占连接公共污水系统的斯洛伐克人口的 20%以上。2016 年，5 家测试厂的污泥产量超过 8100 吨，约占 2016 年斯洛伐克总污泥产量的 15%。所有药物的总浓度最高的是布拉迪斯拉发德芬纳诺沃韦斯（DNV）和塞内茨 WWTP，分别为 11800 和 11300ng/g 干物质（DM）。在个别药物中，最高浓度记录为非索非那定（平均 2340ng/g DM，在布拉迪斯拉发 DNV 最高达 5600ng/g DM）和替米沙坦（平均 1170ng/g DM，在塞内茨最高达 3370ng/g DM）。主成分分析显示好氧和厌氧稳定化污泥中药物模式存在差异。根据污泥生产和田间应用之间药物没有进一步降解的最坏情况，预测了农业中药物的质量负荷。结果表明，我们估计斯洛伐克共和国每年有多达数百公斤的药物和毒品进入土壤，其中非索非那定（120kg/年）和维拉帕米（29kg/年）的含量最高。
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