Loyola University Chicago, Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States of America; Loyola University Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, S 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153, United States of America.
Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28210, United States of America.
Am J Emerg Med. 2022 Aug;58:57-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.022. Epub 2022 May 22.
Pain is a common complaint precipitating emergency department (ED) visit, occurring in more than half of patient encounters. While opioids are effective for acute pain management in the Emergency Department (ED), the associated adverse effects, including respiratory and central nervous system depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation, and physical manifestations of use, including tolerance, dependence and misuse leading to overdose and death, accentuate the need for non-opioid alternatives and/or multi-modal pain control. This review will provide examples of non-opioid pain management strategies and multimodal regimens for treatment of acute pain in the ED.
疼痛是导致急诊部（ED）就诊的常见主诉，超过半数的患者都有此症状。虽然阿片类药物在 ED 急性疼痛管理中有效，但相关的不良反应，包括呼吸和中枢神经系统抑制、恶心、呕吐和便秘，以及使用的身体表现，包括耐受、依赖和滥用导致过量和死亡，强调了需要非阿片类替代药物和/或多模式疼痛控制。本综述将提供非阿片类疼痛管理策略和多模式方案的例子，用于治疗 ED 中的急性疼痛。
