Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641027, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 2):135146. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135146. Epub 2022 May 27.
This review provides a quantitative description of the nano-adsorbent processing and its viability against wastewater detoxification by extracting heavy metal ions. The impact of nano-adsorbent functionalities on specific essential attributes such as the surface area, segregation, and adsorption capacity were comprehensively evaluated. A detailed analysis has been presented on the characteristics of nanomaterials through their limited resistance to adsorb some heavy metal ions. Experimental variables such as the adsorbent dosage, pH, substrate concentration, response duration, temperature, and electrostatic force that influence the uptake of metal ions have been studied. Besides, separate models for the adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption have been investigated to understand the mechanism behind adsorption. Here, we reviewed the different adsorbent materials with nano-based techniques for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and especially highlighted the nano adsorption technique. The influencing factors such as pH, temperature, dosage time, sorbent dosage, adsorption capacities, ion concentration, and mechanisms related to the removal of heavy metals by nano composites are highlighted. Lastly, the application potentials and challenges of nano adsorption for environmental remediation are discussed. This critical review would benefit engineers, chemists, and environmental scientists involved in the utilization of nanomaterials for wastewater treatment.
本文综述了纳米吸附剂处理及其在重金属离子废水解毒方面的可行性，定量描述了纳米吸附剂处理及其在重金属离子废水解毒方面的应用。综述了纳米吸附剂的功能对其表面积、分离和吸附能力等特定基本属性的影响。通过纳米材料的有限阻力分析，对纳米材料的特性进行了详细的分析，以吸附一些重金属离子。研究了影响金属离子吸附的实验变量，如吸附剂用量、pH 值、底物浓度、响应时间、温度和静电力。此外，还研究了吸附动力学和等温吸附的单独模型，以了解吸附背后的机制。在这里，我们综述了基于纳米技术的不同吸附剂材料去除废水中重金属的研究进展，特别强调了纳米吸附技术。本文重点介绍了 pH 值、温度、投加时间、吸附剂用量、吸附容量、离子浓度以及纳米复合材料去除重金属的机制等影响因素。最后，讨论了纳米吸附在环境修复中的应用潜力和挑战。本文可为从事纳米材料在废水处理方面应用的工程师、化学家以及环境科学家提供参考。
