Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute on Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia.
Surgical Department, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Medicina, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Clin Nutr. 2022 Jul;41(7):1613-1618. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.03.021. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
We have previously advocated that nutritional care be raised to the level of a human right in a close relationship to two well recognized fundamental rights: the right to food and the right to health. This paper aims to analyze the implication of nutritional care as a human right for healthcare practitioners. We will focus on the impact of the Human Rights Basic Approach (HRBA) on health care professionals (HCPs), namely how they can translate HRBA into routine clinical practice. Ethics and human rights are guiding values for clinical nutrition practitioners. Together they ensure a patient-centered approach, where the needs and rights of the patients are of the most significant importance. Human rights are based on the powerful idea of equal dignity for all people while expressing a set of core values, including fairness, respect, equality, dignity, and autonomy (FREDA). Through the analysis of FREDA principles, we have provided the elements to understand human rights and how a HRBA can support clinicians in the decision-making process. Clinical practice guidelines in clinical nutrition should incorporate disease-specific ethical issues and the HRBA. The HRBA should contribute to build conditions for HCPs to provide optimal and timely nutritional care. Nutritional care must be exercised by HCPs with due respect for several fundamental ethical values: attentiveness, responsibility competence, responsiveness, and solidarity.
我们之前曾主张，将营养保健提升至与两项公认的基本权利——食物权和健康权——密切相关的人权层面。本文旨在分析营养保健作为一项人权对医疗保健从业者的意义。我们将重点关注人权基本方法（HRBA）对医疗保健专业人员（HCP）的影响，即他们如何将 HRBA 转化为常规临床实践。伦理和人权是临床营养从业者的指导原则。它们共同确保了以患者为中心的方法，其中患者的需求和权利至关重要。人权基于所有人平等尊严的强大理念，同时表达了一系列核心价值观，包括公平、尊重、平等、尊严和自主权（FREDA）。通过对 FREDA 原则的分析，我们提供了理解人权的要素，以及 HRBA 如何支持临床医生在决策过程中的作用。临床营养的临床实践指南应纳入特定疾病的伦理问题和 HRBA。HRBA 应为 HCP 提供最佳和及时的营养保健创造条件。营养保健必须由 HCP 尊重几个基本伦理价值观来行使：关注、责任、能力、响应和团结。
