Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Sep;37(9):1732-1740. doi: 10.1111/jgh.15905. Epub 2022 Jun 5.
The spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases is recognized to have a geographical variation, which may be due to environmental or genetic differences. We aimed to explore this further in a specialist clinic serving a multi-ethnic Asian urban population.
A retrospective analysis of outpatient data from this institution's electronic medical records was conducted between January and June 2019. Clinical diagnoses of GI and liver diseases and associated demographic information were collected.
Data from 3676 adult patients (median age 62 years, female 51.1%) were available for analysis. The frequency of luminal GI, liver and pancreato-biliary diseases were 34.2%, 63.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. Among luminal GI diseases, 38.6% were functional gastrointestinal disorders and 61.4% had an organic cause. A higher proportion of patients of Indian ethnicity were diagnosed with IBD compared with other ethnic groups (India 21.9%, Malay 16.5%, Chinese 12.2%, P = 0.001). Among liver diseases, the most common etiologies were HBV (44.4%) and NAFLD (39.3%). Cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma were present in 18% of liver diseases, with NAFLD as the most frequent etiology. Among patients with NAFLD, a higher proportion of ethnic Malays and Indians were evident (Malay 53.8% vs Chinese 28.7% vs Indian 61.1%, P < 0.001). In contrast, a greater proportion of ethnic Chinese were diagnosed with HBV compared with other ethnic groups (Malay 30.9% vs Chinese 57.5% vs Indian 8.4%, P < 0.001).
The spectrum of GI and liver diseases has a peculiar epidemiology, particularly with reference to the ethnic predilection of certain diseases.
人们认识到胃肠道（GI）和肝脏疾病的谱具有地域差异，这可能是由于环境或遗传差异所致。我们旨在进一步在为多民族亚洲城市人群服务的专科诊所中探索这一点。
对 2019 年 1 月至 6 月期间该机构电子病历的门诊数据进行回顾性分析。收集了胃肠道和肝脏疾病的临床诊断和相关人口统计学信息。
共有 3676 名成年患者（中位年龄 62 岁，女性占 51.1％）的数据可用于分析。腔道 GI、肝脏和胰胆管疾病的频率分别为 34.2％、63.2％和 2.6％。在腔道 GI 疾病中，有 38.6％为功能性胃肠道疾病，61.4％有器质性原因。与其他族裔群体相比，印度裔患者中更常见的是 IBD 诊断（印度 21.9％，马来人 16.5％，中国人 12.2％，P=0.001）。在肝脏疾病中，最常见的病因是 HBV（44.4％）和非酒精性脂肪性肝病（39.3％）。18％的肝脏疾病存在肝硬化和/或肝细胞癌，其中最常见的病因是非酒精性脂肪性肝病。在非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者中，马来人和印度人所占比例较高（马来人 53.8％比中国人 28.7％比印度人 61.1％，P<0.001）。相比之下，与其他族裔群体相比，更多的中国患者被诊断为 HBV（马来人 30.9％比中国人 57.5％比印度人 8.4％，P<0.001）。
胃肠道和肝脏疾病的谱具有独特的流行病学特征，特别是某些疾病的种族倾向。
