Lamichhane G, Acharya A, Marahatha R, Modi B, Paudel R, Adhikari A, Raut B K, Aryal S, Parajuli N
Biological Chemistry Lab, Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618 Nepal.
Department of Geoscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan.
Int J Environ Sci Technol (Tehran). 2023;20(4):4673-4694. doi: 10.1007/s13762-022-04261-1. Epub 2022 May 26.
Plastic pollution in various forms has emerged as the most severe environmental threat. Small plastic chunks, such as microplastics and nanoplastics derived from primary and secondary sources, are a major concern worldwide due to their adverse effects on the environment and public health. Several years have been spent developing robust spectroscopic techniques that should be considered top-notch; however, researchers are still trying to find efficient and straightforward methods for the analysis of microplastics but have yet to develop a viable solution. Because of the small size of these degraded plastics, they have been found in various species, from human brains to blood and digestive systems. Several pollution-controlling methods have been tested in recent years, and these methods are prominent and need to be developed. Bacterial degradation, sunlight-driven photocatalyst, fuels, and biodegradable plastics could be game-changers in future research on plastic pollution control. However, recent fledgling steps in controlling methods appear insufficient due to widespread contamination. As a result, proper regulation of environmental microplastics is a significant challenge, and the most equitable way to manage plastic pollution. Therefore, this paper discusses the current state of microplastics, some novel and well-known identification techniques, strategies for overcoming microplastic effects, and needed solutions to mitigate this planetary pollution. This review article, we believe, will fill a void in the field of plastic identification and pollution mitigation research.
各种形式的塑料污染已成为最严峻的环境威胁。微小的塑料碎片，如来自一次和二次来源的微塑料和纳米塑料，因其对环境和公众健康的不利影响而成为全球主要关注点。多年来一直在开发强大的光谱技术，这些技术应被视为一流技术；然而，研究人员仍在努力寻找高效且直接的微塑料分析方法，但尚未开发出可行的解决方案。由于这些降解塑料体积小，已在从人类大脑到血液和消化系统等各种物种中被发现。近年来已经测试了几种污染控制方法，这些方法很突出且需要进一步发展。细菌降解、阳光驱动的光催化剂、燃料和可生物降解塑料可能会成为未来塑料污染控制研究的变革因素。然而，由于广泛的污染，最近在控制方法方面刚刚起步的措施似乎还不够。因此，对环境微塑料进行适当监管是一项重大挑战，也是管理塑料污染最公平的方式。因此，本文讨论了微塑料的现状、一些新颖和知名的识别技术、克服微塑料影响的策略以及减轻这种全球污染所需的解决方案。我们相信，这篇综述文章将填补塑料识别和污染缓解研究领域的空白。
