Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Spain.
Schizophr Res. 2022 Jun;244:71-80. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.011. Epub 2022 May 25.
Attention deficits have been considered to be a central characteristic of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, the specific interactions with, and longitudinal effects of, cannabis use at the different stages of the disorder remain unknown. Due to the high percentage of patients who are cannabis users at the onset of the disease, our objective was to explore this relationship and how it evolves in the first three years of the disease.
A total of 461 patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) and 187 healthy controls were studied. The differences between cannabis users and non-users at baseline were explored based on both sociodemographic variables and performance in neuropsychological tests of attention. The interaction between cannabis, attentional, and clinical variables was followed up at 3 years.
Of the 648 participants included in this study, 229 (35.34%) were cannabis users. Of them, 187 (40.6%) were patients and 42 (22.5%) were healthy controls. At baseline, control groups [cannabis users (N = 42); non-users (N = 145)] outperformed the patient groups [cannabis users (N = 187); non-users (N = 274)] in all attention tasks. Longitudinal analyses showed significant improvements in the attentional domains at 3-year follow-up, mainly in the group of patients who had never used cannabis (N = 238), followed by ex-users (N = 105), and persistent users (N = 43). At 3-year follow-up, the group of ex-users was the one that achieved scores closer to those of healthy controls.
FEP patients, both cannabis users and non-users, showed attention deficits. However, the patients who had never used cannabis fared better than cannabis users.
注意力缺陷被认为是精神分裂症谱系障碍的一个核心特征。然而，在疾病的不同阶段，大麻使用的具体相互作用和纵向影响仍然未知。由于在疾病发作时，有很高比例的患者是大麻使用者，我们的目的是探讨这种关系以及它在疾病的头三年内如何演变。
共研究了 461 名首发精神病（FEP）患者和 187 名健康对照者。根据社会人口统计学变量和注意力神经心理学测试的表现，探讨了大麻使用者和非使用者在基线时的差异。在 3 年后，对大麻、注意力和临床变量之间的相互作用进行了随访。
在这项研究中，包括 648 名参与者，其中 229 名（35.34%）是大麻使用者。其中，187 名（40.6%）是患者，42 名（22.5%）是健康对照者。在基线时，对照组[大麻使用者（N=42）；非使用者（N=145）]在所有注意力任务中的表现均优于患者组[大麻使用者（N=187）；非使用者（N=274）]。纵向分析显示，在 3 年随访时，注意力领域有显著改善，主要在从未使用过大麻的患者组（N=238），其次是曾经使用者（N=105）和持续使用者（N=43）。在 3 年随访时，曾经使用者组的得分更接近健康对照组。
FEP 患者，无论是大麻使用者还是非使用者，都表现出注意力缺陷。然而，从未使用过大麻的患者表现要好于大麻使用者。
