Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2019 Oct;140(4):349-359. doi: 10.1111/acps.13081. Epub 2019 Aug 18.
To examine the long-term (up to 10 years) patterns related to cannabis use in a sample of patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and the effect that consumption might have on clinical, functioning, and neurocognition at long-term.
Cannabis use was described in 209 FEP patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to cannabis use: persistent users, ex-users, and never-users. Groups were longitudinally (baseline and 10-year follow-up) compared on clinical, functional, and cognitive variables.
Clinical differences at 10-year follow-up were observed between persistent cannabis users and the other two groups (ex-users and never-users), showing persistent users more severe symptoms (BPRS: x = 15.583, P ≤ 0.001; SAPS: x = 12.386, P = 0.002) and poorer functionality (DAS: x = 6.067, P = 0.048; GAF: x = 6.635, P = 0.033). Patients who stopped cannabis use prior to the reassessment showed a similar pattern to those who had never consumed.
The use of cannabis could negatively affect the evolution of the psychotic disorder. Perhaps the negative effects caused by cannabis use could be reversed with the cessation of consumption. It is necessary to make an effort in the intervention toward an early withdrawal from the use of cannabis, since this could play an important role in the prognosis of the disease.
在首发精神病患者（FEP）样本中，检查与大麻使用相关的长期（长达 10 年）模式，以及在长期内使用大麻可能对临床、功能和神经认知产生的影响。
在 209 名 FEP 患者中描述了大麻使用情况。根据大麻使用情况，患者分为三组：持续使用者、前使用者和从不使用者。在临床、功能和认知变量方面，对三组进行了纵向（基线和 10 年随访）比较。
在 10 年随访时，持续使用大麻的患者与后两组（前使用者和从不使用者）之间观察到临床差异，表现为持续使用者症状更严重（BPRS：x = 15.583，P ≤ 0.001；SAPS：x = 12.386，P = 0.002）和功能更差（DAS：x = 6.067，P = 0.048；GAF：x = 6.635，P = 0.033）。在重新评估之前停止大麻使用的患者表现出与从未使用者相似的模式。
大麻的使用可能会对精神病的发展产生负面影响。或许，大麻使用造成的负面影响可以通过停止使用来逆转。努力促使患者早日戒除大麻非常必要，因为这可能对疾病的预后起到重要作用。
