Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain; IDIVAL, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Santander, Spain.
Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health Area, Madrid, Spain.
Schizophr Res. 2018 Nov;201:159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.036. Epub 2018 May 31.
In recent years, the effects of cannabis use on cognitive functions in patients with psychosis have been widely studied. Recently, special emphasis has been placed on the impact of age at the onset of consumption on cognition in these patients.
349 patients with a first episode of non-affective psychosis were studied. Patients were classified as cannabis users and non-users. Users were divided, according to their age when they began using cannabis, into: early-onset (age < 16) and late-onset (age ≥ 16) users. Differences between groups at baseline were studied based on sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive variables. The groups were longitudinally (3-year) compared on cognitive variables.
Out of the 349 patients included in this study, 38.7% (N = 135) were cannabis users. Of them, 39.3% (N = 53) were early-onset and 60.7% (N = 82) were late-onset cannabis users. No baseline differences were found between the early-onset and late-onset groups on cognitive domains. Longitudinally, only patients who had withdrawn from cannabis use during follow-up showed a significant improvement in verbal memory.
Our results did not show differences between the early-onset group and the other two groups in long-term cognitive performance, even if they kept consuming cannabis during the first three years of disease progression. Further studies are needed to elucidate the true relationship between early-onset cannabis use and cognitive function in patients with a first episode of psychosis.
近年来，大麻使用对精神病患者认知功能的影响已得到广泛研究。最近，特别强调了在这些患者中，消费开始年龄对认知的影响。
研究了 349 例首发非情感性精神病患者。将患者分为大麻使用者和非使用者。根据他们开始使用大麻的年龄，将使用者分为：早发组（年龄<16 岁）和晚发组（年龄≥16 岁）。根据社会人口统计学、临床和认知变量研究了基线时各组之间的差异。对认知变量进行了 3 年的纵向比较。
在这项研究中，349 例患者中有 38.7%（N=135）为大麻使用者。其中，39.3%（N=53）为早发组，60.7%（N=82）为晚发组。在认知领域，早发组和晚发组之间没有发现基线差异。纵向来看，只有在随访期间停止使用大麻的患者在言语记忆方面有显著改善。
我们的结果表明，即使在疾病进展的前三年持续使用大麻，早发组与其他两组在长期认知表现上也没有差异。需要进一步的研究来阐明首发精神病患者早期大麻使用与认知功能之间的真正关系。
