Zhao Hui, Li Yan, Zhang Ying, He Wen-Yan, Jin Wei-Na
Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Neuroimmunomodulation. 2022;29(4):255-268. doi: 10.1159/000524951. Epub 2022 May 31.
Stroke accounts for a large proportion of morbidity and mortality burden in China. Moreover, there is a high prevalence of the leading risk factors for stroke, including hypertension and smoking. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions for patients with stroke is a key imperative. The pathophysiology of stroke involves a complex interplay between the immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Focal brain inflammation triggered by neuronal cell death and the release of factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns can further exacerbate neuronal injury; in addition, impairment of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, and brain edema cause secondary brain injury. Immune cells, including microglia and other infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a key role in triggering focal and global brain inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the aforementioned mechanisms can alleviate primary and secondary brain injury in the aftermath of a stroke. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to explore the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in stroke.
中风在中国的发病率和死亡率负担中占很大比例。此外，中风的主要危险因素，如高血压和吸烟，患病率很高。了解中风的潜在机制并为中风患者开发有效的治疗干预措施是一项关键任务。中风的病理生理学涉及免疫和炎症机制之间的复杂相互作用。神经元细胞死亡和损伤相关分子模式等因子的释放引发的局灶性脑炎症可进一步加重神经元损伤；此外，血脑屏障受损、氧化应激、微血管功能障碍和脑水肿会导致继发性脑损伤。免疫细胞，包括小胶质细胞和其他浸润性炎症细胞，在引发局灶性和全身性脑炎症中起关键作用。针对上述机制的抗炎疗法可减轻中风后的原发性和继发性脑损伤。需要进一步的实验和临床研究来探索抗炎药物在中风中的有益作用。
