Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Agriculture& Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 15;307:119553. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119553. Epub 2022 May 28.
Prothioconazole, a chiral triazole fungicide, is widely used to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), as the main pathogen of FHB, can produce many secondary metabolites including deoxynivalenol (DON), which threatens the health of humans and animals. However, some fungicides may stimulate F. graminearum to synthesize more DON under certain conditions. Until now, the fungicidal activity and enantioselective effect of prothioconazole enantiomers on DON production, transcriptome and metabolome of F. graminearum were unclear. The fungicidal activity of R-(-)-prothioconazole against F. graminearum was 9.12-17.73 times higher than that of S-(+)-prothioconazole under all conditions. Prothioconazole enantiomers can induce F. graminearum to synthesize more DON under 0.99 water activity (a) and 30 °C, especially R-(-)-prothioconazole. The expression levels of TRI6, TRI10 and TRI101 under R-(-)-prothioconazole treatment were significantly higher than those under S-(+)-prothioconazole treatment. Most genes in glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling transduction pathway and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling transduction pathway showed higher expression levels under R-(-)-prothioconazole treatment than uner S-(+)-prothioconazole treatment and the control. The peroxisome pathway displayed higher transcriptional activity under S-(+)-prothioconazole treatment compared with R-(-)-prothioconazole and the control. Based on metabolomic data, R-(-)-prothioconazole can significantly influence phenylalanine metabolism, and no significantly enriched pathway was found under S-(+)-prothioconazole treatment. These results are helpful to understand the risk of prothioconazole enantiomers on DON production of F. graminearum and uncover the relevant underlying mechanisms of prothioconazole enantiomers.
丙硫菌唑，一种手性三唑类杀菌剂，广泛用于防治小麦赤霉病（FHB）。禾谷镰刀菌（F. graminearum）作为 FHB 的主要病原菌，能够产生许多次级代谢产物，包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），这对人类和动物的健康构成了威胁。然而，在某些条件下，一些杀菌剂可能会刺激禾谷镰刀菌产生更多的 DON。到目前为止，丙硫菌唑对映体对 DON 产生、禾谷镰刀菌转录组和代谢组的杀菌活性和对映选择性效应尚不清楚。在所有条件下，R-（-）-丙硫菌唑对禾谷镰刀菌的杀菌活性均比 S-（+）-丙硫菌唑高 9.12-17.73 倍。在 0.99 水活度（a）和 30°C 下，丙硫菌唑对映体可以诱导禾谷镰刀菌合成更多的 DON，尤其是 R-（-）-丙硫菌唑。在 R-（-）-丙硫菌唑处理下，TRI6、TRI10 和 TRI101 的表达水平明显高于 S-（+）-丙硫菌唑处理。糖酵解、丙酮酸代谢、雷帕霉素（TOR）信号转导途径和环腺苷单磷酸（cAMP）-蛋白激酶 A（PKA）信号转导途径中的大多数基因在 R-（-）-丙硫菌唑处理下的表达水平高于 S-（+）-丙硫菌唑处理和对照。与 R-（-）-丙硫菌唑和对照相比，过氧化物酶体途径在 S-（+）-丙硫菌唑处理下表现出更高的转录活性。基于代谢组学数据，R-（-）-丙硫菌唑可以显著影响苯丙氨酸代谢，而在 S-（+）-丙硫菌唑处理下没有发现明显富集的途径。这些结果有助于了解丙硫菌唑对映体对禾谷镰刀菌 DON 产生的风险，并揭示丙硫菌唑对映体的相关潜在机制。
