Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
Department of Orthopedics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
Med Eng Phys. 2022 Jun;104:103810. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103810. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a well-known disease that impaired bone mechanical properties and increases the risk of fragility fracture. The bone tissue is a viscoelastic material that means the loading rate determines its mechanical properties. This study investigates the impact of T2D on the viscoelastic properties of human bone and its association with microstructure and biochemical properties.
Viscoelasticity is an important mechanical property of bone and for this the interaction of individual constituents of bone plays an important role. The viscoelastic nature of bone can be affected by aging and diseases, which can further influence its deformation and damage behavior.
The present study investigated the effects of T2D on the viscoelastic behavior of trabecular bone. The femoral heads of T2D (n = 26) and non-T2D (n = 40) individuals with hip fragility fractures were collected for this investigation. Following the micro-CT scanning of all bone samples, the stress relaxation and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were performed to quantify the viscoelasticity of bone. Further, a correlation analysis was performed to investigate the effects of alteration in bone microstructural and biochemical parameters on viscoelasticity.
The stress relaxation and frequency sweep responses of T2D and non-T2D trabecular bone specimens were not found significantly different. However, the storage modulus, initial stiffness, and initial stress were found lower in T2D bone. The significant correlation of percentage stress relaxed is obtained between the mineral content (r= - 0.52, p-value = 0.003), organic content (r = 0.40, p-value = 0.02), and mineral-to-matrix ratio (r = - 0.43, p-value = 0.009). Further, storage and loss modulus were correlated with bone volume fraction (BV/TV) for both groups. The stress relaxation and frequency sweep characteristics were not found significantly connected with the other chemical, structural, or clinical parameters.
This study suggests that T2D does not affect the time-dependent response of human femoral trabecular bone. The viscoelastic properties are positively correlated with organic content and negatively correlated with mineral content.
2 型糖尿病（T2D）是一种众所周知的疾病，会损害骨骼机械性能并增加脆性骨折的风险。骨组织是一种粘弹性材料，这意味着加载速率决定了其机械性能。本研究旨在探讨 T2D 对人骨粘弹性的影响及其与微观结构和生化特性的关系。
粘弹性是骨骼的一个重要机械特性，因此，骨骼中各个成分的相互作用起着重要作用。骨骼的粘弹性可以受到衰老和疾病的影响，这会进一步影响其变形和损伤行为。
本研究调查了 T2D 对松质骨粘弹性行为的影响。为此，收集了患有髋部脆性骨折的 T2D（n=26）和非 T2D（n=40）个体的股骨头。对所有骨样本进行微 CT 扫描后，进行应力松弛和动态力学分析（DMA）测试，以量化骨的粘弹性。进一步进行了相关分析，以研究骨微观结构和生化参数变化对粘弹性的影响。
T2D 和非 T2D 松质骨标本的应力松弛和频率扫描响应没有显著差异。然而，T2D 骨的存储模量、初始刚度和初始应力较低。在矿物质含量（r=-0.52，p 值=0.003）、有机含量（r=0.40，p 值=0.02）和矿物质-基质比（r=-0.43，p 值=0.009）之间获得了显著的百分比松弛相关性。此外，存储和损耗模量与两组的骨体积分数（BV/TV）相关。未发现应力松弛和频率扫描特性与其他化学、结构或临床参数有显著关系。
本研究表明，T2D 不会影响人股骨松质骨的时变响应。粘弹性与有机含量呈正相关，与矿物质含量呈负相关。
