Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
Trends Genet. 2022 Nov;38(11):1112-1122. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 28.
One gene does not equal one RNA or protein. The genomic revolution has revealed numerous different RNA and protein molecules that can be produced from one gene, such as circular RNAs generated by back-splicing, proteins with residues mismatching the genomic encoding because of RNA editing, and proteins extended in the C terminus via stop codon readthrough in translation. Are these diverse products results of exquisite gene regulations or imprecise biological processes? While there are cases where the gene product diversity appears beneficial, genome-scale patterns suggest that much of this diversity arises from nonadaptive, molecular errors. This finding has important implications for studying the functions of diverse gene products and for understanding the fundamental properties and evolution of cellular life.
一个基因不等于一种 RNA 或一种蛋白质。基因组革命揭示了许多不同的 RNA 和蛋白质分子可以从一个基因产生，例如通过反向剪接产生的环状 RNA、由于 RNA 编辑而残基与基因组编码不匹配的蛋白质，以及通过翻译中终止密码子通读在 C 末端延伸的蛋白质。这些不同的产物是精细的基因调控还是不精确的生物过程的结果？虽然有些情况下基因产物多样性似乎是有益的，但基因组规模的模式表明，这种多样性很大程度上是由非适应性、分子错误引起的。这一发现对研究不同基因产物的功能以及理解细胞生命的基本性质和进化具有重要意义。
