Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, Canada.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2022 Aug;26(8):631-645. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 28.
Social performances pervade human interactions. Some autistic people describe their social performances as 'camouflaging' and engage in these performances to mitigate social challenges and survive in the neurotypical world. Here, we reconsider autistic camouflaging under the unifying framework of impression management (IM) by examining overlapping and unique motivations, neurocognitive mechanisms, and consequences. Predictive coding and Bayesian principles are synthesized into a computational model of IM that applies to autistic and neurotypical people. Throughout, we emphasize the inherently transactional, context-dependent nature of IM, the distinct computational challenges faced by autistic people, and the psychological toll that compelled IM can take. Viewing camouflaging through this lens highlights the pressing needs to change societal attitudes, destigmatize autism, refine social skills-building programs for autistic individuals, and integrate these programs with environment-focused support.
社会表现贯穿于人类互动之中。一些自闭症患者将自己的社会表现描述为“伪装”，并进行这些表现以减轻社交挑战，在神经典型的世界中生存。在这里，我们通过检查重叠和独特的动机、神经认知机制和后果，在印象管理 (IM) 的统一框架下重新考虑自闭症伪装。预测编码和贝叶斯原理被综合到一个适用于自闭症和神经典型人群的 IM 计算模型中。在整个过程中，我们强调了 IM 固有的交易性、上下文依赖性，自闭症患者面临的独特计算挑战，以及被迫进行 IM 可能带来的心理代价。通过这种视角看待伪装，突出了改变社会态度、消除自闭症污名化、为自闭症个体完善社交技能培养计划以及将这些计划与以环境为重点的支持相结合的迫切需求。
