Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK.
Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Br J Health Psychol. 2022 Nov;27(4):1354-1381. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12606. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
Using the Health Belief Model as a conceptual framework, we investigated the association between attitudes towards COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccinations, and vaccine hesitancy and change in these variables over a 9-month period in a UK cohort.
The COPE study cohort (n = 11,113) was recruited via an online survey at enrolment in March/April 2020. The study was advertised via the HealthWise Wales research registry and social media. Follow-up data were available for 6942 people at 3 months (June/July 2020) and 5037 at 12 months (March/April 2021) post-enrolment. Measures included demographics, perceived threat of COVID-19, perceived control, intention to accept or decline a COVID-19 vaccination, and attitudes towards vaccination. Logistic regression models were fitted cross-sectionally at 3 and 12 months to assess the association between motivational factors and vaccine hesitancy. Longitudinal changes in motivational variables for vaccine-hesitant and non-hesitant groups were examined using mixed-effect analysis of variance models.
Fear of COVID-19, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, and perceived personal control over COVID-19 infection transmission decreased between the 3- and 12-month surveys. Vaccine hesitancy at 12 months was independently associated with low fear of the disease and more negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Specific barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake included concerns about safety and efficacy in light of its rapid development, mistrust of government and pharmaceutical companies, dislike of coercive policies, and perceived lack of relaxation in COVID-19-related restrictions as the vaccination programme progressed.
Decreasing fear of COVID-19, perceived susceptibility to the disease, and perceptions of personal control over reducing infection-transmission may impact future COVID-19 vaccination uptake.
以健康信念模型为概念框架，我们调查了在英国队列中，9 个月内对 COVID-19 的态度、COVID-19 疫苗接种和疫苗犹豫之间的关联，以及这些变量的变化。
COPE 研究队列（n=11113）是在 2020 年 3/4 月招募时通过在线调查招募的。该研究通过 HealthWise Wales 研究登记处和社交媒体进行宣传。在登记后 3 个月（2020 年 6/7 月）有 6942 人可获得随访数据，12 个月（2021 年 3/4 月）有 5037 人可获得随访数据。测量包括人口统计学特征、对 COVID-19 的感知威胁、感知控制、接受或拒绝 COVID-19 疫苗接种的意愿以及对疫苗接种的态度。在 3 个月和 12 个月时使用逻辑回归模型进行横断面分析，以评估动机因素与疫苗犹豫之间的关联。使用混合效应方差分析模型检查疫苗犹豫和非犹豫组的动机变量的纵向变化。
COVID-19 的恐惧、对 COVID-19 的易感性和对 COVID-19 感染传播的个人控制在 3 个月和 12 个月的调查之间下降。12 个月时的疫苗犹豫与疾病恐惧程度低和对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的负面态度独立相关。COVID-19 疫苗接种的具体障碍包括对疫苗快速开发的安全性和有效性的担忧、对政府和制药公司的不信任、对强制性政策的反感以及随着疫苗接种计划的推进，对 COVID-19 相关限制放宽的看法。
对 COVID-19 的恐惧、对疾病的易感性和对降低感染传播的个人控制感的降低可能会影响未来 COVID-19 疫苗接种的 uptake。
