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一种基于微型化被动采样的工作流程,用于监测水中新出现的关注化学品。

A miniaturized passive sampling-based workflow for monitoring chemicals of emerging concern in water.

机构信息

Dept. Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.

Dept. Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.

出版信息

Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 15;839:156260. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156260. Epub 2022 May 26.

Abstract

The miniaturization of a full workflow for identification and monitoring of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is presented. Firstly, successful development of a low-cost small 3D-printed passive sampler device (3D-PSD), based on a two-piece methacrylate housing that held up to five separate 9 mm disk sorbents, is discussed. Secondly, a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method reduced the need for large scale in-laboratory apparatus, solvent, reagents and reference material quantities for in-laboratory passive sampler device (PSD) calibration and extraction. Using hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced sorbents, sampling rates (R) were determined after a low 50 ng L exposure over seven days for 39 pesticides, pharmaceuticals, drug metabolites and illicit drugs over the range 0.3 to 12.3 mL day. The high sensitivity LC-MS/MS method enabled rapid analysis of river water using only 10 μL of directly injected sample filtrate to measure occurrence of 164 CECs and sources along 19 sites on the River Wandle, (London, UK). The new 3D-PSD was then field-tested over seven days at the site with the highest number and concentration of CECs, which was down-river from a wastewater treatment plant. Almost double the number of CECs were identified in 3D-PSD extracts across sites in comparison to water samples (80 versus 42 CECs, respectively). Time-weighted average CEC concentrations ranged from 8.2 to 845 ng L, which were generally comparable to measured concentrations in grab samples. Lastly, high resolution mass spectrometry-based suspect screening of 3D-PSD extracts enabled 113 additional compounds to be tentatively identified via library matching, many of which are currently or are under consideration for the EU Watch List. This miniaturized workflow represents a new, cost-effective, and more practically efficient means to perform passive sampling chemical monitoring at a large scale. SYNOPSIS: Miniaturized, low cost, multi-disk passive samplers enabled more efficient multi-residue chemical contaminant characterization, potentially for large-scale monitoring programs.

摘要

本文提出了一种用于识别和监测新兴关注污染物(CECs)的全流程小型化方法。首先,讨论了基于两件式甲基丙烯酸酯外壳的低成本小型 3D 打印被动采样器装置(3D-PSD)的成功开发,该外壳可容纳多达五个单独的 9 毫米圆盘吸附剂。其次,一种高灵敏度液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)方法减少了大规模实验室仪器、溶剂、试剂和参考材料数量的需求,用于实验室被动采样器装置(PSD)校准和提取。使用亲水-亲脂平衡吸附剂,在低浓度 50ng/L 暴露 7 天后,39 种农药、药物、药物代谢物和非法药物的采样率(R)在 0.3 到 12.3mL/d 之间确定。该高灵敏度 LC-MS/MS 方法仅使用 10μL 直接注入样品滤液即可快速分析河水,以测量 19 个地点的 164 种 CECs 和来源沿旺德尔河(英国伦敦)。然后,在污水处理厂下游位置最高的 CECs 数量和浓度的现场对新的 3D-PSD 进行了为期七天的现场测试。与水样相比,3D-PSD 提取物中鉴定出的 CECs 数量几乎增加了一倍(分别为 80 种和 42 种 CECs)。时间加权平均 CEC 浓度范围为 8.2 至 845ng/L,与 grab 样品的测量浓度大致相当。最后,基于高分辨率质谱的 3D-PSD 提取物嫌疑筛查使 113 种化合物通过库匹配被暂时鉴定,其中许多化合物目前或正在考虑列入欧盟观察名单。这种小型化的工作流程代表了一种新的、具有成本效益的、更实用有效的大规模被动采样化学监测方法。摘要:小型化、低成本、多盘被动采样器使多残留化学污染物特征的描述更加高效,可能适用于大规模监测计划。

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